“…37 The ef-fects of stress concentration on fatigue strength are larger in impact fatigue than in nonimpact fatigue. 17,18 Research indicates that the impactfatigue strength of smooth specimens is lower than most materials' nonimpactfatigue strength, [3][4][5] and the difference in the endurance fatigue limit between impact and nonimpact fatigue increases with the hardness (Figure 2a). 34 But for some materials, especially low-strength alloys, such as Sn-40Pb, which has enough plasticity and a small brittle fracture trend under impact loading, the conclusion is opposite (Figure 2b).…”