Development of a Human Body Finite Element Model with Multiple Muscles and their Controller for Estimating Occupant Motions and Impact Responses in Frontal Crash Situations

Iwamoto, Masami; Nakahira, Yuko; Kimpara, Hideyuki; Sugiyama, T.; Min, Kyuengbo

doi:10.4271/2012-22-0006

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Being able to predict the human occupant response in both precrash-for example, either driver-induced or autonomous braking and steering maneuvers (Unselt et al 2011)-and in-crash situations (Kumar et al 2002(Kumar et al , 2003(Kumar et al , 2004 is crucial for assessment and further enhancement of these safety technologies. Human body models (HBM), mathematical tools that support the development of safety technologies, have been fitted with muscle control systems to provide for humanlike occupant response in precrash situations (Iwamoto et al 2012;€ Osth et al 2012€ Osth et al , 2015Subit et al 2016). These models, referred to as active human body models (AHBMs), need to be validated with volunteer data, including body kinematics and muscle activities, in different and representative potential precrash loading scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passenger muscle responses in lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers using two belt configurations: Standard and reversible pre-pretensioner

Ghaffari

Brolin

Pipkorn

et al. 2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: The introduction of integrated safety technologies in new car models calls for an improved understanding of the human occupant response in precrash situations. The aim of this article is to extensively study occupant muscle activation in vehicle maneuvers potentially occurring in precrash situations with different seat belt configurations. Methods: Front seat male passengers wearing a 3-point seat belt with either standard or pre-pretensioning functionality were exposed to multiple autonomously carried out lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers while traveling at 73 km/h. This article focuses on muscle activation data (surface electromyography [EMG] normalized using maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] data) obtained from 38 muscles in the neck, upper extremities, the torso, and lower extremities. The raw EMG data were filtered, rectified, and smoothed. All muscle activations were presented in corridors of mean ± one standard deviation. Separate Wilcoxon signed ranks tests were performed on volunteers' muscle activation onset and amplitude considering 2 paired samples with the belt configuration as an independent factor. Results: In normal driving conditions prior to any of the evasive maneuvers, activity levels were low (<2% MVC) in all muscles except for the lumbar extensors (3-5.5% MVC). During the lane change maneuver, selective muscles were activated and these activations restricted the sideway motions due to inertial loading. Averaged muscle activity, predominantly in the neck, lumbar extensor, and abdominal muscles, increased up to 24% MVC soon after the vehicle accelerated in lateral direction for all volunteers. Differences in activation time and amplitude between muscles in the right and left sides of the body were observed relative to the vehicle's lateral motion. For specific muscles, lane changes with the pre-pretensioner belt were associated with earlier muscle activation onsets and significantly smaller activation amplitudes than for the standard belt (P < .05). Conclusions: Applying a pre-pretensioner belt affected muscle activations; that is, amplitude and onset time. The present muscle activation data complement the results in a preceding publication, the volunteers' kinematics and the boundary conditions from the same data set. An effect of belt configuration was also seen on previously published volunteers' kinematics with lower lateral and forward displacements for head and upper torso using the pre-pretensioner belt versus the standard belt. The data provided in this article can be used for validation and further improvement of active human body models with active musculature in both sagittal and lateral loading scenarios intended for simulation of some evasive maneuvers that potentially occur prior to a crash. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passenger muscle responses in lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers using two belt configurations: Standard and reversible pre-pretensioner

Ghaffari

Brolin

Pipkorn

et al. 2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2 , 5 More recent methods have optimized activation levels to fi t the model's kinematic responses to volunteer corridors 1 and implemented feedback control that regulates muscle activation to simulate the central nervous system. 11 Despite these various efforts to model active cervical muscle responses, few of the proposed activation schemes are based on or compared with experimental data from in vivo recordings of muscle activation before and during loading. To overcome this limitation, a controller capable of simulating individual muscle activation has been developed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Spatial Tuning of Cervical Muscle Reflexes to Multidirectional Seated Perturbations

Ólafsdóttir

Brolin

Blouin

et al. 2015

Spine

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“…,where P ih are the percentage contributions of each muscle to the pushing force, which were set according to the information about the role of each muscle, as described in anatomical texts (10) and the measured EMG (Electromyography) data from volunteer tests in a braced position, which was conducted in our previous study (12) . For example, the percentage contributions of the right Biceps Femoris (Long Head) and right Gluteus Maximus for the pushing force on the right brake pedal are 0.3 and 0.1, respectively.…”

Section: Muscle Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Analysis for Investigating the Effects of Muscle Activation on Head-neck Injury Risks of Drivers Rear-ended by a Car after an Autonomous Emergency Braking

Iwamoto

Nakahira

Kato

2018

IJAE

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Avoidance of frontal collisions by autonomous emergency braking (AEB) in sudden traffic jams has the potential to cause rear-end collisions by the following cars. In this study, finite element analyses using a human body model were performed to investigate how the muscle activations of drivers rear-ended by the following car could affect head-neck injury risks. Three muscle conditions of sleeping, relaxed, and braced drivers were assumed using a developed muscle controller. The simulation results suggest that vehicle systems that let drivers brace themselves at the onset of the AEB might be effective in reducing head-neck injury risks in this type of collisions.

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Development of a Human Body Finite Element Model with Multiple Muscles and their Controller for Estimating Occupant Motions and Impact Responses in Frontal Crash Situations

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Passenger muscle responses in lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers using two belt configurations: Standard and reversible pre-pretensioner

Passenger muscle responses in lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers using two belt configurations: Standard and reversible pre-pretensioner

Dynamic Spatial Tuning of Cervical Muscle Reflexes to Multidirectional Seated Perturbations

Finite Element Analysis for Investigating the Effects of Muscle Activation on Head-neck Injury Risks of Drivers Rear-ended by a Car after an Autonomous Emergency Braking

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