Development of a high-throughput microwave imaging system for concealed weapons detection

Moulder, William F.; Krieger, James D.; Majewski, Janusz J.; Coldwell, Charles M.; Nguyen, Huy; Maurais-Galejs, Denise T; Anderson, Thomas L.; Dufilie, Pierre; Herd, J.

doi:10.1109/array.2016.7832573

Cited by 79 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…• e − j (k x t x tm +k z t z tm ) S r n S t m (12) where (x t m , z t m ) denotes the position of the mth transmit antenna and (x r n , z r n ) is the position of the nth receive antenna element on the plane z = 0. S t m and S r n are the areas around the sampling positions (x t m , z t m ), and (x r n , z r n ) over transmit and receive array apertures, respectively, which represents a spatial weighting factor for each sample.…”

Section: A Signal Spectrum Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another kind of microwave imaging system is proposed and developed for real-time imaging by exploiting 2-D MIMO arrays which provide the potential for signal acquisition with one snapshot by using orthogonal waveforms/time multiplexing in different transmit channels [12]- [16]. By taking advantage of the spatial diversities of 2-D transmit and receive antenna arrays, a 2-D MIMO array can form a large effective aperture using a much smaller number of antennas, which significantly reduces the system cost without degrading image quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3-D Short-Range Imaging With Irregular MIMO Arrays Using NUFFT-Based Range Migration Algorithm

Wang

Aubry

Yarovoy

2020

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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3-D imaging with irregular planar multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) arrays is discussed. Due to signal acquisition on irregular spatial sampling grids by using these antenna arrays, the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based imaging algorithms cannot readily be used for image formation. To avoid the application of computationally intensive coherent summation algorithms such as filtered backprojection or Kirchhoff migration, we propose a nonuniform FFT (NUFFT)-based MIMO Range Migration Algorithm (i.e., NUFFT-based MIMO-RMA) for efficient microwave imaging. The algorithm exploits NUFFT to reconstruct the wavenumber-domain spectra related to each Fourier frequency. It is generic and applicable to 3-D imaging with irregular planar MIMO arrays. The effects of irregular spatial sampling and signal bandwidth on the imaging performance and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm are analyzed. Finally, some numerical simulations and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed imaging algorithm.

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Section: A Signal Spectrum Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Short-Range Imaging With Irregular MIMO Arrays Using NUFFT-Based Range Migration Algorithm

Wang

Aubry

Yarovoy

2020

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…Again, we use the ε image index defined in Eq. (16) to enable a more detailed comparison. The results and the time needs data are plotted together in Figure 10.…”

Section: Influence Of Different Nufft Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, this algorithm needs the 2D-MIMO array to comply with some specific topologies, and it cannot be used for general 2D-MIMO arrays including the QPS screening system. In [16], a fast imaging algorithm was proposed for real-time imaging. However, this algorithm introduces strong approximations and can hardly be adopted to general imaging geometries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Field 3D SAR Imaging Using a Scanning Linear MIMO Array With Arbitrary Topologies

et al. 2020

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For near-field synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, frequency domain imaging algorithms typically require the array elements to be uniformly arranged to facilitate the application of fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations; this greatly restricts the array types that can be used for practical applications. For arrays with non-uniformly positioned antennas, no general and efficient imaging algorithm is available yet. To address this issue, an effective algorithm for efficient three-dimensional (3D) SAR imaging with arbitrary linear multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) array topologies is proposed. Specifically, non-uniform FFT (NUFFT) technology is utilized to tackle the non-uniform sampling issues in both the spatial and the wavenumber domain. Despite the intuitive idea, to achieve satisfied imaging, some issues are non-trivial and should be carefully addressed. Both simulations and experiments show the superiority of the proposed algorithm on computational complexity while maintain the same high imaging precision compared with the back-projection algorithm (BPA). Moreover, we suggest that the concept of NUFFT-based imaging can also be generalized to other imaging regimes with arbitrary array configurations. INDEX TERMS Radar imaging, multi-input-multi-output, synthetic aperture, array topology, millimeterwave imaging.

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“…In addition, despite the very fast imaging speed, multistatic architectures based on thousands of antennas are bulky, complicated, and costly for practical implementation [ 9 , 11 ]. Recently, an imaging method has been proposed based on the mechanical scanning technique and multistatic arrays [ 12 ], which significantly reduces the time cost compared to the traditional mechanical scanning method, but still requires hundreds of antennas. Hence, to overcome the tradeoff between system cost and imaging speed, THz and MMW imagers still need further investigation for wide application under practical conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Terahertz Imaging Method Using Sparse Rotating Array

Jiang

Deng

Qin

et al. 2017

Sensors

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For fast and standoff personal screening, a novel terahertz imaging scheme using a sparse rotating array is developed in this paper. A linearly sparse array is designed to move along a circular path with respect to an axis perpendicular to the imaging scenario. For this new scheme, a modified imaging algorithm is proposed based on the frequency-domain reconstruction method in circular synthetic aperture radar. To achieve better imaging performance, an optimization method of the sparse array is also proposed, according to the distribution of the spectral support. Theoretical and numerical analysis of the point spread function (PSF) is provided to demonstrate the high-resolution imaging ability of the proposed scheme. Comprehensive simulations are carried out to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the array optimization method. Finally, the imaging results of a human-scattering model are also obtained to further demonstrate the good performance of this new imaging scheme and the effectiveness of the array optimization approach. This work can facilitate the design and practice of terahertz imaging systems for security inspection.

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Development of a high-throughput microwave imaging system for concealed weapons detection

Cited by 79 publications

References 12 publications

3-D Short-Range Imaging With Irregular MIMO Arrays Using NUFFT-Based Range Migration Algorithm

3-D Short-Range Imaging With Irregular MIMO Arrays Using NUFFT-Based Range Migration Algorithm

Near-Field 3D SAR Imaging Using a Scanning Linear MIMO Array With Arbitrary Topologies

A Fast Terahertz Imaging Method Using Sparse Rotating Array

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