Development of a high-quantum-efficiency single-photon counting system

Takeuchi, Shigeki; Kim, Jungsang; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa; Hogue, Henry H.

doi:10.1063/1.123482

Cited by 233 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

182

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With regard to experimental implementation, highly efficient single-photon counting is required. Even though such counting is at present not as efficient as intensity-proportional photodetection, progress has been very fast (as it is illustrated by the 88% efficiency achieved recently [15]). Therefore a realization of the scheme in the near future may be technically feasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement on teleportation of continuous variables by photon subtraction via conditional measurement

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We show that the recently proposed scheme of teleportation of continuous variables [S.L. Braunstein and H.J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 869 (1998)] can be improved by a conditional measurement in the preparation of the entangled state shared by the sender and the recipient. The conditional measurement subtracts photons from the original entangled twomode squeezed vacuum, by transmitting each mode through a low-reflectivity beam splitter and performing a joint photonnumber measurement on the reflected beams. In this way the degree of entanglement of the shared state is increased and so is the fidelity of the teleported state.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement on teleportation of continuous variables by photon subtraction via conditional measurement

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When small photon numbers are detected, however, these are single-photon sensitivity detectors to a good approximation. There are also single-photon resolution detectors [20,21]. Currently, these detectors require demanding operating conditions.…”

Section: Optical Detection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection devices in entanglement-based optical state preparation

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We study the use of detection devices in entanglement-based state preparation. In particular we consider optical detection devices such as single-photon sensitivity detectors, single-photon resolution detectors and detector cascades (with an emphasis on the performance of realistic detectors). We develop an extensive theory for the use of these devices. In entanglement-based state preparation we perform measurements on subsystems, and we therefore need precise bounds on the distinguishability of these measurements (this is fundamentally different from, e.g., tomography, where an ensemble of identical states is used to determine probability distributions, etc.). To this end, we introduce the confidence of preparation, which may also be used to quantify the performance of detection devices in entanglement-based preparation. We give a general expression for detector cascades of arbitrary size for the detection up to two photons. We show that, contrary to the general belief, cascading does not give a practical advantage over detectors with single-photon resolution in entanglement-based state preparation. PACS number(s): 42.50.ArThe accurate creation of quantum states is important to many applications in, for example, quantum computation and information [1,2]. One method of state preparation is to entangle two systems and subsequently perform a so-called conditional measurement on one subsystem: depending on the measurement outcome the undetected subsystem is 'prepared' (collapsed) into a particular predetermined state (see also Rubin [3]). Considerable progress has been made using this method in the creation of optical quantum states [4][5][6][7][8] and in the creation of three-photon polarisation entanglement [9]. Optical entanglement sources include, for example, crossKerr media [7] or the mixing of states at beam-splitters [8]. In general, the quality of this entanglement-based state preparation strongly depends on the details of the conditional measurement.In this paper we study the effect of realistic (photo-) detectors on the state preparation process. To this end we introduce the concept of the confidence of preparation in Sec. I. This measure does not only quantify the 'quality' of the state preparation process, but it also allows us to compare different types of detection devices. In Sec. II we discuss the distinction between single-photon sensitivity and single-photon resolution detectors. The statistics of detector cascading with single-photon sensitivity detectors is studied in Sec. III and Sec. IV makes a numerical comparison between such detector cascades and single-photon resolution detectors.Let's consider entanglement-based state preparation [3] (not necessarily restricted to quantum optics). We want to prepare a single (pure) state |φ by means of some entanglement-based process, and we want the resulting state ρ to be as 'close' to |φ as possible. A measure of resemblance between states is given by the fidelity F [10]:The quality of a state preparation process can therefore be measured by the fidel...

show abstract

“…The second consideration is a strong function of the overvoltage (beyond breakdown), with higher fields ensuring that the creation of a charged pair leads to an avalanche. Unfortunately, this also leads to approximately exponentially increased dark counts [32].…”

Section: A Physical Explanation Of Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum trajectories for realistic photodetection: I. General formalism

Warszawski

Wiseman

2002

J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantum trajectories describe the stochastic evolution of an open quantum system conditioned on continuous monitoring of its output, such as by an ideal photodetector. In practice an experimenter has access to an output filtered through various electronic devices, rather than the microscopic states of the detector. This introduces several imperfections into the measurement process, of which only inefficiency has previously been incorporated into quantum trajectory theory. However, all electronic devices have finite bandwidths, and the consequent delay in conveying the output signal to the observer implies that the evolution of the conditional state of the quantum system must be non-Markovian. We present a general method of describing this evolution and apply it to avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and to photoreceivers. We include the effects of efficiency, dead time, bandwidth, electronic noise, and dark counts. The essential idea is to treat the quantum system and classical detector jointly, and to average over the latter to obtain the conditional quantum state. The significance of our theory is that quantum trajectories for realistic detection are necessary for sophisticated approaches to quantum feedback, and our approach could be applied in many areas of physics.

show abstract

Development of a high-quantum-efficiency single-photon counting system

Cited by 233 publications

References 12 publications

Improvement on teleportation of continuous variables by photon subtraction via conditional measurement

Improvement on teleportation of continuous variables by photon subtraction via conditional measurement

Detection devices in entanglement-based optical state preparation

Quantum trajectories for realistic photodetection: I. General formalism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About