Abstract:It is highly desirable to develop a therapeutic, observable nanoparticle complex for specific targeting in cancer therapy. Growth hormone (GH) and its antagonists have been explored as cancer cell-targeting molecules for both imaging and therapeutic applications. In this study, a low toxicity, biocompatible, therapeutic, and observable GH-nanoparticle complex for specifically targeting growth hormone receptor (GHR) in cancer cells was synthesized by conjugating GH with green fluorescence protein and carboxylat… Show more
“…51 Similarly, Chu et al developed a nanodiamond complex with conjugation of recombinant growth hormone for protein-targeting of the surface membrane of A549 NSCLC cells. 65 Salaam et al developed a nanodiamond mediated drug delivery system to increase the specificity of doxorubicin by nanodiamond conjugation with doxorubicin and the DGEA peptide to target the α 2 β 1 integrins overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancers. 66 However, employing this strategy of nanodiamond conjugation for FND-mediated immunotherapy delivery has not yet been fully developed.…”
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are nontoxic, infinitely photostable, and emit fluorescence in the near infrared region. Natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes are part of the innate immune system and are crucial to the control of carcinogenesis. FND-mediated stimulation of these cells may serve as a strategy to enhance anti-tumor activity. FNDs were fabricated with a diameter of 70±28 nm. Innate immune cell FND uptake, viability, surface marker expression, and cytokine production were evaluated in vitro. Evaluation of fluorescence emission from the FNDs was conducted in an animal model. In vitro results demonstrated that treatment of immune cells with FNDs resulted in significant dose-dependent FND uptake, no compromise in cell viability, and immune cell activation. FNDs were visualized in an animal model. Hence, FNDs may serve as novel agents with “track and trace” capabilities to stimulate innate immune cell anti-tumor responses, especially as FNDs are amenable to surface-conjugation with immunomodulatory molecules.
“…51 Similarly, Chu et al developed a nanodiamond complex with conjugation of recombinant growth hormone for protein-targeting of the surface membrane of A549 NSCLC cells. 65 Salaam et al developed a nanodiamond mediated drug delivery system to increase the specificity of doxorubicin by nanodiamond conjugation with doxorubicin and the DGEA peptide to target the α 2 β 1 integrins overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancers. 66 However, employing this strategy of nanodiamond conjugation for FND-mediated immunotherapy delivery has not yet been fully developed.…”
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are nontoxic, infinitely photostable, and emit fluorescence in the near infrared region. Natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes are part of the innate immune system and are crucial to the control of carcinogenesis. FND-mediated stimulation of these cells may serve as a strategy to enhance anti-tumor activity. FNDs were fabricated with a diameter of 70±28 nm. Innate immune cell FND uptake, viability, surface marker expression, and cytokine production were evaluated in vitro. Evaluation of fluorescence emission from the FNDs was conducted in an animal model. In vitro results demonstrated that treatment of immune cells with FNDs resulted in significant dose-dependent FND uptake, no compromise in cell viability, and immune cell activation. FNDs were visualized in an animal model. Hence, FNDs may serve as novel agents with “track and trace” capabilities to stimulate innate immune cell anti-tumor responses, especially as FNDs are amenable to surface-conjugation with immunomodulatory molecules.
“…For instance, GH-conjugated to a carboxylated nanodimond has been used to induce cell death in a non-small-cell lung cancer cell line (Chu et al, 2014) and this laser-mediated cancer-targeting platform may be widely used in the future. Pegvisomant, a specific GHR antagonist, has also been proposed as treatment for selected types of cancer (Kopchick et al, 2014).…”
“…In this study, its utility for screening malignant cancer was close to the results of Li et al, which enrolled 155 colorectal cancer and found notable differences with the comparison in the serum concentrations of 66 non-cancer diseases, representing the diagnostic value of 0.881 for discrimination. (18) Several researches also had reported the usefulness of materials therein CETM (19), (20), PTM(21), CTM, ETM (22) and HTM (23), (24) in lung cancer differential diagnosis, therapy monitoring and prognostics (25), (26). Age, gender, and smoking history had been found seldom effect for research population.…”
Background: Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related death in China. However, most of patients were diagnosed at advanced stage. Thus, novel lung cancer diagnostic tests, which can be used to screen individuals in early stage, are required.Methods: A total of 208 patients involving 161 cases of lung cancer and 47 cases of benign diseases were enrolled. Serum concentration of GTM, CETM, PTM, CTM, ETM and HTM were analyzed by kits according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.Results: The results showed significant difference in serum concentrations of GTM, CETM, PTM, CTM, ETM, and HTM between patients with lung cancer and benign diseases. In addition, when compared with benign diseases, higher levels of those six markers were also observed in patient with SCC and SCLC, but not for ADC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further suggested a high sensitivity and specificity of six markers to identify lung cancer.Conclusion: The serum levels of GTM, CETM, PTM, CTM, ETM and HTM in lung cancer were significantly higher than those of benign diseases. Moreover, these six biomarkers showed a high sensitivity and specificity to identify a patient with malignant. These findings suggested that detection of those six biomarkers in serum might be helpful for differential diagnosis of lung cancer.
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