Development of a Gesture Learning Environment for Novices’ Erhu Bow Strokes

Training the Body: The Potential of AIED to Support Personalized Motor Skills Learning

“…When user studies are carried out (in 12 of the 17 systems analysed), they are usually done so with a limited number of participants, and with the goal to show that the system functions as expected. Some aspects of the users experience are also analysed, such as whether users have positive views of the system (Takahata et al 2004;Iwasako et al 2014;Kikukawaa et al 2014), whether they improve their performance while using the system (Kwon and Gross 2005;van der Linden et al 2011;Ghasemzadeh et al 2009;Portillo-Rodriguez et al 2008), or how users respond to different feedback alternatives (Dancu 2012;Lieberman and Breazeal 2007). In another vein, most of the learning environments reviewed here address novice users.…”

“…The sensing of the movement is done i) through wearable devices on the body or the instrument used -when it exists (i.e., golf club, musical instrument, oar, etc. )-such as in (Oakes et al 2015;Amma et al 2014;James et al 2011;Kikukawaa et al 2014;Ghasemzadeh et al 2009;Iwasako et al 2014;Baca and Kornfeind 2006;van der Linden et al 2011;Takahata et al 2004;Spelmezan and Borchers 2008), ii) though optical motion capture devices placed in the environment (which usually require markers on the participants body, except for the Kinect sensor) such as in (Bloomfield and Badler 2008;Lieberman and Breazeal 2007;Dancu 2012; Miaw and Raskar 2010), or iii) combining both, that is within the user and instruments and from outside such as in (Rauter et al 2011;Kwon and Gross 2005;Portillo-Rodriguez et al 2008).…”

“…Regarding the type of modelling, approaches are diverse. Some approaches focus on gesture recognition (Amma et al 2014;Kikukawaa et al 2014;Portillo-Rodriguez et al 2008), others on physical features (Oakes et al 2015;James et al 2011) which can be modelled with 3D techniques (Bloomfield and Badler 2008;Iwasako et al 2014;Van der Linden et al 2011;Lieberman and Breazeal 2007), still others construct the models with diverse machine learning algorithms (Amma et al 2014;Rauter et al 2011;Kwon and Gross 2005).…”

“…In most of the papers, the design of the support provided is not described, as it seems to be considered a straight forward approach either i) to report the actual performance, usually as compared with an accurate performance and reporting when an error is made (Rauter et al 2011;Kikukawaa et al 2014;Ghasemzadeh et al 2009;Iwasako et al 2014), or ii) to show when the correct movement has been made (Oakes et al 2015). Nonetheless, there are some works that aim to guide the learners' movements in the appropriate way (Bloomfield and Badler 2008).…”

“…In fact, procedural learning in terms of motor skills is usually difficult to explain by the instructor and to understand by the learner. And it turns out that this procedural tutoring support is of major relevance in the case of novice learners, as they might get into a wrong habit if no timely feedback is provided to them while practicing on their own and, thus, they cannot understand why the movement is not accurate (Kikukawaa et al 2014).…”