Development of a Gas Hydrate Absorption for Energy storage and Gas separation – Proof of Concept based on Natural Gas

Filarsky, Florian; Schmuck, Carsten; Schultz, H. J.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.628

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In turn, cold energy from liquefied natural gas reduces the cost of maintaining the required temperature for the hydrate formation process. These options undoubtedly increase the hydrate formation’s energy efficiency and make it competitive with well-developed techniques [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, such solutions can decrease the hydrate gas capacity, need promoter regeneration/water remediation, and significantly complicate the apparatus for continuously producing hydrates, especially at high pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional-Printed Polymeric Cores for Methane Hydrate Enhanced Growth

et al. 2023

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Polymeric models of the core prepared with a Raise3D Pro2 3D printer were employed for methane hydrate formation. Polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), carbon fiber reinforced (UltraX), thermoplastic polyurethane (PolyFlex), and polycarbonate (ePC) were used for printing. Each plastic core was rescanned using X-ray tomography to identify the effective porosity volumes. It was revealed that the polymer type matters in enhancing methane hydrate formation. All polymer cores except PolyFlex promoted the hydrate growth (up to complete water-to-hydrate conversion with PLA core). At the same time, changing the filling degree of the porous volume with water from partial to complete decreased the efficiency of hydrate growth by two times. Nevertheless, the polymer type variation allowed three main features: (1) managing the hydrate growth direction via water or gas preferential transfer through the effective porosity; (2) the blowing of hydrate crystals into the volume of water; and (3) the growth of hydrate arrays from the steel walls of the cell towards the polymer core due to defects in the hydrate crust, providing an additional contact between water and gas. These features are probably controlled by the hydrophobicity of the pore surface. The proper filament selection allows the hydrate formation mode to be set for specific process requirements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional-Printed Polymeric Cores for Methane Hydrate Enhanced Growth

et al. 2023

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“…As promoters, auxiliary hydrate formers, surfactants, nanoparticles of various types (metals, metal oxides, carbon materials, and silicon dioxide), and their combinations are usually used. Additives make it possible to reduce the induction period of hydrate nucleation, avoid the adhesion of hydrate crystals, intensify heat and mass transfer, which results in accelerated hydrate growth, − and even increase the hydrate stability (using a thermodynamic promoter). − The latter often occupy almost all large cavities in the hydrate framework, which significantly reduces the gas capacity of the hydrate. However, the high rate of hydrate formation in such systems and the stability of the mixed hydrate under near-ambient conditions make it possible to consider these compounds for effective separating gas mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriers for Methane Hydrate Production: Cellulose-Based Materials as a Case Study

Gong

Semenov

Emelianov

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Methane hydrate growth and decomposition in the cellulose-based materials containing water were studied. Cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) and their composite with polyacrylamide (CMF@PAM) were employed as carriers for methane hydrate formation and storage. Water distribution over the CMF porous surface creates a developed water–gas interface, which leads to enhanced gas hydrate formation. The tested water content in the materials was 45 and 70 mass %. The efficiency of methane binding in the hydrate state increased in the order of CMF@PAM70 < CMF@PAM45 < CMF70 < CMF45 (numbers mean the water content). The water-to-hydrate conversion in 40 h was 3, 28, 73, and 83% in the same order. The most intensive hydrate growth is observed in the first 100–200 min after nucleation. In the case of CMF45, 70–90% of the water turns into a hydrate during this time depending on the water distribution. The presence of the hydrate in the studied samples was confirmed by powder X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Partial decomposition of the methane hydrate in the CMF at atmospheric pressure and a constant temperature (−20 °C) led to a sharp decrease in the rate of its further dissociation. In the case of the CMF@PAM material, the initial rate of hydrate decomposition was an order of magnitude lower than that for the CMF one; it decreased gradually. Thus, cellulose-based materials can be suggested as an efficient carrier for gas hydrate production. CMFs provide a developed water–gas interface that facilitates hydrate formation. Applying polyacrylamide to the CMF allows one to reduce the rate of methane hydrate decomposition formed in this material. However, it retards the hydrate formation as well. Cellulose-based materials are easily scalable and can be used in many technologies where a gas hydrate needs to be produced fast.

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“…So, early and still ongoing gas hydrate research was focused on preventing hydrate plugging and finding suitable inhibitors [2, 28–37]. Nowadays, the increasing knowledge of gas hydrate properties revealed that systematic gas hydrate formation could be used for many different technical applications; for example, separating components out of fluid and gas mixtures [38–46]. Therefore, new and innovative processes can be imagined, which could help to reduce the impacts of climate change, for instance, by replacing existing (energy) costly cryogenic separation processes or storing greenhouse gases in deep‐sea or permafrost hydrate deposits or former natural oil and gas reservoirs (carbon dioxide sequestration) [47–49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of different stirring setups on mass transport, gas hydrate formation, and scale transfer concepts for technical gas hydrate applications

2022

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This contribution describes the influence of turbulent flow conditions in the liquid and/or gas phase and directly in the phase interface, different flow patterns (axial/radial), volume‐specific power inputs, mass‐specific energy consumptions, as well as volume‐specific mass transfer coefficients on the gas hydrate formation, derived from an experimental investigation of five different reactor setups. The results correspond to all fields of gas hydrate research, especially actually discussed technical hydrate applications, like hydrate‐based desalination, gas storage, gas separation, biogas and green hydrogen handling, carbon dioxide deposition, new phase transfer materials, and even electrical power supply. Two main objectives, first, to determine favorable hydrate forming conditions in stirred systems to provide competitive hydrate formation processes, and second, the search for a concept to enable the transfer of experimental results, for example, from a stirred reactor to a pipeline system for inhibitor research, through the targeted adjustment of similar and comparable turbulent flow conditions in different reactor setups could be achieved. So far, the targeted formation of gas hydrates has been investigated essentially from the point of view of optimizing the formation conditions with regard to pressure and temperature as well as the addition of auxiliary materials and promoters. In addition, some studies consider different reactor types and setups, for example, spray reactors or bubble columns. In many publications, stirred and cooled pressure autoclaves are described, whereby the gas and the liquid phase are brought into contact with each other by mixing to a greater or lesser extent by an agitator, then forming a solid gas hydrate phase. Often missing in previous research work is a systematic approach for determining the influence of flow conditions on gas hydrate formation. Many different influencing factors in a stirred reactor system can strongly affect the kinetics and formation of gas hydrates, for example, stirrer type, rotational frequency, stirrer and reactor geometry, and filling level. This is the starting point of the present investigation that deals with the influence of the flow conditions on the formation of gas hydrates. Tests were performed in a stirred autoclave to measure the effects of different stirrer configurations. The results obtained contribute to the explanation of the hydrate formation mechanism and can be used to optimize the targeted production of gas hydrates in technical hydrate applications. A rapid, immediate, hydrate formation is advantageous and can be achieved by suitable flow conditions in stirred reactors, which is successfully proven within this study contribution.

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Development of a Gas Hydrate Absorption for Energy storage and Gas separation – Proof of Concept based on Natural Gas

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Three-Dimensional-Printed Polymeric Cores for Methane Hydrate Enhanced Growth

Three-Dimensional-Printed Polymeric Cores for Methane Hydrate Enhanced Growth

Carriers for Methane Hydrate Production: Cellulose-Based Materials as a Case Study

Influence of different stirring setups on mass transport, gas hydrate formation, and scale transfer concepts for technical gas hydrate applications

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