Development of a fuzzy logic-controlled system for home cultivation of sweet basil

Abstract

As environmental pollution and the global population increase, and the COVID-19 pandemic becomes more severe, demands for indoor farming, especially home food gardening, have also increased. However, most research thus far has focused on large-scale food production, with very few studies having been conducted at the household scale. Also, the devices cultivating household crops with control systems in a continuous way, which minimize fluctuations of environmental conditions, have been rarely developed. Therefore, this study aimed to design a household cultivation system for sweet basil that is automatically and continuously controlled by fuzzy logic with a Raspberry Pi4. Three inputs (temperature, humidity, and growth stage) and seven outputs (fan, humidifier, heater 1, heater 2, LED red, green, and blue) were used with six rules, ensuring that three lights operated independently upon three growth stages. Simulation and actual operation were carried out, resulting in an appropriately controlled system that operated with few defects. In the case of an operation of the input variable, temperature and humidity were maintained at an average of 21.24 °C and 75.58%, respectively, and the LED operation for the growth stage was confirmed to be flawless. For verification of the designed fuzzy system, a comparison between the simulation and actual operation was performed to examine differences and identify problems. To this end, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used, and the direction of correction of the fuzzy logic system was proposed. Through these results, the feasibility of a home cultivation system using fuzzy logic was demonstrated, and it is expected that further studies applying it will be conducted in the future.

Development of a machine vision-based weight prediction system of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using deep learning models for industrial plant factory

“…Future iterations of the model could also leverage advancements in predictive algorithms to automate the detection of abnormal growth patterns, thereby offering early warnings for potential issues. In addition, the models can be developed into other forms of narrow environments, such as small-scale or home-based systems ( Kim et al, 2022 ), and other varieties with different plant morphogenesis. In the case of diverse species, different morphogenesis can cause different vision-based model performances, with different values of RMSE and R2.…”

Home food gardening in modern cities: advances, issues, and future perspectives

“…longifolia) grows fast and can easily be cultivated in human settlements using soil culture, substrate culture, or hydroponics (Majid et al, 2021;Noh and Jeong, 2021). A handful of leafy vegetables used for spices are also suitable for HFG, for instance, basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (Aditya and Zakiah, 2022;Kim et al, 2022). Basil, also referred to as "more precious than gold" or "nine-storey tower" in China, is the main ingredient of Chinese cuisine such as Three Cup Chicken and Italian Pesto sauce (Tanzilli et al, 2023), and rosemary is routinely used for shish kebabs and beef steaks.…”

“…Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 07 frontiersin.org photoperiod, light intensity, humidity, temperature, soil moisture level and nutrient solution irrigation. These systems help minimize environmental fluctuations and achieve precise control over the plant growth environment (Kim et al, 2022). Currently, there are four cultivation patterns of HFG, including soil culture, substrate culture, hydroponics, and aquaponics (Kyaw and Ng, 2017;Suárez-Cáceres et al, 2021;Richardson and Arlotta, 2022).…”

“…Numerous urban residents and policymakers are deeply aware of the significance and necessity of self-sufficiency of inexpensive sources of high quality and nutritious produce in closed urban residential areas for emergencies (Aditya and Zakiah, 2022;Cattivelli, 2022;Turnšek et al, 2022;Baliki et al, 2023;Perez-Lugones et al, 2023). Within this crisis, peoples' interest and participation in HFG that is lack of focus prior to the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially enhanced, making HFG are becoming trendy on residential compounds and apartment blocks in many countries or territories like China, American, Indonesia, Canada, Slovenia, Norway, Estonia, Switzerland, Iceland and others (Mullins et al, 2021;Aditya and Zakiah, 2022;Kim et al, 2022;Music et al, 2022;Turnšek et al, 2022;Ma et al, 2023;Perez-Lugones et al, 2023). A survey showed that 17.4% of respondents in Canada and the United States started carrying out HFG in 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic (Mullins et al, 2021).…”