Development of a flow cytometric, non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay in Eisenia fetida: An in vitro system designed to analyze immunosuppression of natural killer-like coelomocytes in response to 7, 12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)

Patel, Mukti; Francis, Joseph W.; Cooper, Edwin L.; Fuller-Espie, Sheryl L.

doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.08.013

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, some studies on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been carried out. It was demonstrated that PCBs 18 and PAHs 19 exerted immunosuppressive effects on NK-like effector cells. It is important to note here that Patel et al 19 have tested washed and nonwashed effectors before adding DiO-labeled targets and they have demonstrated that in these two cases, exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DMBA resulted in statistically significant immunosuppression of NKlike cell activity in earthworms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was demonstrated that PCBs 18 and PAHs 19 exerted immunosuppressive effects on NK-like effector cells. It is important to note here that Patel et al 19 have tested washed and nonwashed effectors before adding DiO-labeled targets and they have demonstrated that in these two cases, exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DMBA resulted in statistically significant immunosuppression of NKlike cell activity in earthworms. As far as mammalian laboratory models are concerned, different results were shown for dioxins depending on doses, species, and sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published data demonstrated cellular cytotoxic effects of coelomocytes in xenogeneic and allogeneic culture of earthworm coelomocytes, as well as coelomocyte cytotoxicity against mammalian tumor cell lines. 16,17 Cell-mediated cytotoxicity studies also demonstrated that some persistent organic pollutants, such as PCBs 18 and PAHs, 19 exerted immunosuppressive effects on NK-like effector cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro effects of PCDDs/Fs on NK-like cell activity of Eisenia andrei earthworms

et al. 2012

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In this study, we assessed in vitro the effects of PCDD/Fs on the NK-like cell activity in Eisenia andrei earthworms using flow cytometry for analysis. NK-like coelomocytes isolated from E. andrei and used as effectors were exposed to various concentrations of PCDDs/Fs mixture, C1 (6.25x10-3 ng 2378- TCDD/mL), C2 (12.5x10-3 ng 2378-TCDD/mL) and C3 (25x10-3 ng 2378-TCDD/mL), before adding them to human tumoral cells (K562) used as targets. We evaluated the percentage of targets lysed by Nk-like cells. The results showed a significant stimulation of the NKlike activity at C3 when PCDD/Fs were not removed from effectors before contact with targets, while no effects were noted when the effectors were washed (PCDD/Fs removed) or fixed. Assessment of the viability of the targets (K562), exposed alone and separately from effectors, to the three concentrations of PCDD/Fs, C1, C2 and C3, showed that all these concentrations were cytotoxic for K562. Results suggest that PCDD/Fs concentrations tested in this assay may be considered too low to induce suppressive effects on the immune function such as the NK-like activity in E. andrei earthworms

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro effects of PCDDs/Fs on NK-like cell activity of Eisenia andrei earthworms

et al. 2012

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“…[6][7][8][9][10] However, the knowledge on toxic effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) upon the worms is still very limited. 11,12 For example, there is paucity in the literature describing the toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in earthworms which play an important role in soil formation processes and are considered as interesting bio-indicators for soil contamination. It is well recognized that PCDDs and PCDFs represent the most toxic anthropogenic chemicals in the environment where they enter as by-products of combustion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on phagocytic response of Eisenia andrei coelomocytes

et al. 2011

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The immunotoxicological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) mixtures on Eisenia andrei earthworms have never been studied. In this work we investigated these effects both for in vitro and in vivo exposure, using the viability and the phagocytic activity of coelomocytes as immunological biomarkers and the flow cytometry was used for analysis. The in vitro exposure revealed a cytotoxic effect of PCDD/Fs mixture (C2) containing 50¥10 -3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD and an induction of the phagocytic capacity at the mixture (C1) containing 25¥10 -3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD. In the in vivo filter paper exposure, the immunocompetence of earthworms was assessed after 3 h-exposure to mixtures of PCDD/Fs at the levels of C1, C2, C3 and C4 containing about; 0.05, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.83 ng of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/cm², respectively. Morphological observations showed an excessive secretion of mucus and body surface lesions in worms exposed to higher concentrations (C3 and C4), which revealed that these organisms were affected by PCDD/Fs either through skin and/or by feeding. The levels of the extruded cell yield decreased significantly at all the concentrations tested. However, the cell viability was shown to be unaffected by PCDD/Fs concentrations. It was also shown, that exposure to the highest PCDD/Fs concentrations; C2, C3 and C4 inhibited both phagocytic activity and efficiency.

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Annelida: Environmental Interactions and Ecotoxicity in Relation to the Earthworm Immune System

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et al. 2018

Advances in Comparative Immunology

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Development of a flow cytometric, non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay in Eisenia fetida: An in vitro system designed to analyze immunosuppression of natural killer-like coelomocytes in response to 7, 12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

In vitro effects of PCDDs/Fs on NK-like cell activity of Eisenia andrei earthworms

In vitro effects of PCDDs/Fs on NK-like cell activity of Eisenia andrei earthworms

Effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on phagocytic response of Eisenia andrei coelomocytes

Annelida: Environmental Interactions and Ecotoxicity in Relation to the Earthworm Immune System

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