“…During the progression of tidal energy technology from theoretical phase to experimental phase, many studies focusing on the engineering aspects as turbine designs (Sakata, Gonoji, & Takagi, 2012; Takagi, Waseda, Nagaya, Niizeki, & Oda, 2012) and economic aspects such as cost effectiveness, break‐even capital costs, levelised costs, and cost reduction (G. Allan, Gilmartin, McGregor, & Swales, 2011; G. J. Allan, Lecca, McGregor, & Swales, 2014; Lande‐Sudall, Stallard, & Stansby, 2019; Magagna & Uihlein, 2015; Stallard, 2012) were initiated. When the technology progressed further to pilot project phase, additional studies focusing on the environmental aspects were initiated, with some describing the potential impacts after real‐time monitoring (Lande‐Sudall et al, 2019; ATDP [2013], OERA [2012]; MEYGEN [2011] and Marine Current Turbines [2011]).…”