Development of a Dual-Sided Readout DOI-PET Module Using Large-Area Monolithic MPPC-Arrays

Kishimoto, A.; Kataoka, J.; Kato, Takuya; Miura, Takaharu; Nakamori, Takeshi; Kamada, Kei; Nakamura, S.; Sato, Keisuke; Ishikawa, Yoshitaka; Yamamura, K.; Kawabata, N.; Yamamoto, Seiichi

doi:10.1109/tns.2012.2233215

Cited by 73 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Each layer of the scatterer is coupled to the MPPC array, and the signals are read out layerby-layer. In contrast, the absorber of the DOI Compton camera uses 3-D position-sensitive scintillators [17]. We can determine the DOI of incident gamma rays by measuring the pulse-height ratio of dual-sided MPPC arrays coupled to the ends of the absorber.…”

Section: Configuration Of the Compton Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and field tests of a handheld Compton camera using 3-D position-sensitive scintillators coupled to multi-pixel photon counter arrays

et al. 2014

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After the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, radiation decontamination has become particularly urgent. To help identify radiation hotspots and ensure effective decontamination operation, we have developed a novel Compton camera based on Ce-doped Gd 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 scintillators and multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) arrays. Even though its sensitivity is several times better than that of other cameras being tested in Fukushima, we introduce a depth-of-interaction (DOI) method to further improve the angular resolution. For gamma rays, the DOI information, in addition to 2-D position, is obtained by measuring the pulse-height ratio of the MPPC arrays coupled to ends of the scintillator. We present the detailed performance and results of various field tests conducted in Fukushima with the prototype 2-D and DOI Compton cameras. Moreover, we demonstrate stereo measurement of gamma rays that enables measurement of not only direction but also approximate distance to radioactive hotspots.

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Section: Configuration Of the Compton Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and field tests of a handheld Compton camera using 3-D position-sensitive scintillators coupled to multi-pixel photon counter arrays

et al. 2014

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“…The large structure also enabled the measurement of Time of Flight (ToF) to prevent the order of interactions from being misidentified. In contrast, our group developed a 3-D position-sensitive scintillator which can determine the 3-D position of gamma-ray interaction with an accuracy of ~1 mm 19 . Owing to this configuration, we can achieve high angular resolution even when the scatterer and absorber are placed as close as possible to each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and performance verification of a 3-D position-sensitive Compton camera for imaging MeV gamma rays

Hosokoshi

Kataoka

Mochizuki

et al. 2019

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In gamma-ray astronomy, the 1–10 MeV range is one of the most challenging energy bands to observe owing to low photon signals and a considerable amount of background contamination. This energy band, however, comprises a substantial number of nuclear gamma-ray lines that may hold the key to understanding the nucleosynthesis at the core of stars, spatial distribution of cosmic rays, and interstellar medium. Although several studies have attempted to improve observation of this energy window, development of a detector for astronomy has not progressed since NASA launched the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) in 1991. In this work, we first developed a prototype 3-D position-sensitive Compton camera (3D-PSCC), and then conducted a performance verification at NewSUBARU, Hyogo in Japan. To mimic the situation of astronomical observation, we used a MeV gamma-ray beam produced by laser inverse Compton scattering. As a result, we obtained sharp peak images of incident gamma rays irradiating from incident angles of 0° and 20°. The angular resolution of the prototype 3D-PSCC was measured by the Angular Resolution Measure and estimated to be 3.4° ± 0.1° (full width at half maximum (FWHM)) at 1.7 MeV and 4.0° ± 0.5° (FWHM) at 3.9 MeV. Subsequently, we conceived a new geometry of the 3D-PSCC optimized for future astronomical observations, assuming a 50-kg class small satellite mission. The SΩ of the 3D-PSCC is 11 cm2sr, anticipated at 1 MeV, which is small but provides an interesting possibility to observe bright gamma-ray sources owing to the high intrinsic efficiency and large field of view (FoV).

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“…The crystal shifting method applies lateral shifts across different crystal layers, changing the light response function (LRF) across different layers, and attempts to associate depth with lateral position; however, this method also increases the difficulty for decoding . Dual‐sided readouts have also been explored for DOI estimation, but at a cost of increased number of readout channels …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An edge‐readout, multilayer detector for positron emission tomography

Ruiz-Gonzalez

Furenlid

2018

Medical Physics

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Purpose We present a novel gamma-ray-detector design based on total internal reflection (TIR) of scintillation photons within a crystal that addresses many limitations of traditional PET detectors. Our approach has appealing features, including sub-millimeter lateral resolution, DOI positioning from layer thickness, and excellent energy resolution. The design places light sensors on the edges of a stack of scintillator slabs separated by small air gaps, and exploits the phenomenon that more than 80% of scintillation light emitted during a gamma-ray event reaches the edges of a thin crystal with polished faces due to TIR. Gamma-ray stopping power is achieved by stacking multiple layers, and DOI is determined by which layer the gamma ray interacts in. Method The concept of edge readouts of a thin slab was verified by Monte-Carlo simulation of scintillation-light transport. An LYSO crystal of dimensions 50.8 mm × 50.8 mm × 3.0 mm was modeled with 5 rectangular SiPMs placed along each edge face. The mean-detector-response functions (MDRFs) were calculated by simulating signals from 511 keV gamma-ray interactions in a grid of locations. Simulations were carried out to study the influence of choice of scintillator material and dimensions, gamma-ray photon energies, introduction of laser or mechanically-induced optical barriers (LIOBs, MIOBs), and refractive indices of optical-coupling media and SiPM windows. We also analyzed timing performance including influence of gamma-ray interaction position and presence of optical barriers. We also modeled and built a prototype detector, a 27.4 mm × 27.4 mm × 3.0 mm CsI(Tl) crystal with 4 SiPMs per edge in order to experimentally validate the results predicted by the simulations. The prototype detector used CsI(Tl) crystals from Proteus outfitted with 16 Hamamatsu model S13360-6050PE MPPCs read out by an AiT-16-channel readout. The MDRFs were measured by scanning the detector with a collimated beam of 662-keV photons from a 137Cs source. The spatial resolution was experimentally determined by imaging a tungsten slit that created a beam of 0.44 mm (FWHM) width normal to the detector surface. The energy resolution was evaluated by analyzing list-mode data from flood illumination by the 137Cs source. Result We find that in a block-detector-sized LYSO layer read out by 5 SiPMs per edge, illuminated by 511 keV photons, the average resolution is 1.49 mm (FWHM). With the introduction of optical barriers, average spatial resolution improves to 0.56 mm (FWHM). The DOI resolution is the layer thickness of 3.0 mm. We also find that optical-coupling media and SiPM-window materials have an impact on spatial resolution. The timing simulation with LYSO crystal yields a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 200 – 400 ps, which is slightly position-dependent. And the introduction of optical barriers has minimum influence. The prototype CsI(Tl) detector, with a smaller area and fewer SiPMs, was measured to have central-area spatial resolutions of 0.70 mm and 0.39 mm without and with optical ba...

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Development of a Dual-Sided Readout DOI-PET Module Using Large-Area Monolithic MPPC-Arrays

Cited by 73 publications

References 13 publications

Performance and field tests of a handheld Compton camera using 3-D position-sensitive scintillators coupled to multi-pixel photon counter arrays

Performance and field tests of a handheld Compton camera using 3-D position-sensitive scintillators coupled to multi-pixel photon counter arrays

Development and performance verification of a 3-D position-sensitive Compton camera for imaging MeV gamma rays

An edge‐readout, multilayer detector for positron emission tomography

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