Development of a disposable amperometric immunosensor for the detection of ecstasy and its analogues using screen-printed electrodes

Butler, Deirdre; Pravda, Miloslav; Guilbault, George G.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.056

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In these examples, the electrochemical assay format usually shows wider assay dynamic ranges, lower detection limits, and shorter incubation times than the colorimetric counterparts (He et al, 1997;Draisci et al, 2001;Pyun et al, 2001;He et al, 2003;Valentini et al, 2003;Baldrich et al, 2005;Fanjul-Bolado et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Crew et al, 2007). While HRP is one of the most widely used enzymes in biosensing, the use of TMB as the substrate is restricted to a few reports relying on amperometric detection A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 5 using functionalised screen-printed and carbon macroelectrodes (Zhou et al, 2003;Butler et al, 2006;Conneely et al, 2007;Lu et al, 2007;Kurtinaitiene et al, 2008;Parker and Tothill 2009;Salam and Tothill 2009).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensing at disk microelectrode arrays. Inter-electrode functionalisation allows formatting into miniaturised sensing platforms of enhanced sensitivity

Baldrich

Campo

Muñoz

2009

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Biosensor performance depends on the effective functionalisation of a transducer with suitable biorecognition elements. During functionalisation, surface blocking steps are normally carried out to avoid later binding of undesirable molecules and thus guarantee biosensor specificity. However, these blocking steps may be deleterious in electrochemical systems where transduction ultimately relies on electron transfer between the electrode and a redox species in solution. This work presents a novel approach to develop improved amperometric biosensing platforms using microfabricated disk microelectrode arrays, based on the functionalisation of the inert surface surrounding the active microdisks. These devices more than doubled assay sensitivity compared to conventional biosensors produced using the same arrays. This approach benefits from three advantages: the functionalisation of a broader surface, the possibility to activate the microelectrodes immediately before detection, and access to enhanced rates of mass transport to microelectrodes that improve device sensitivity. To demonstrate this, we first studied the electrochemical behaviour of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) at gold disk microelectrode arrays, and then used TMB as the redox mediator for the amperometric biosensing of HRP/H(2)O(2). Down to 0.54pM H(2)O(2) or as little as 25pM HRP were detected within 5s of enzyme activity in just 10 microl of enzyme substrate solution. We postulate that microelectrode arrays may be used to develop novel electrochemical biosensing platforms that are faster and more sensitive than conventional biosensors.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensing at disk microelectrode arrays. Inter-electrode functionalisation allows formatting into miniaturised sensing platforms of enhanced sensitivity

Baldrich

Campo

Muñoz

2009

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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“…The TMB oxidized by HRP was reduced at the SPE, and the resulting current was monitored. The correlation obtained with saliva sample was better than with urine sample because in saliva the drug is not metabolized whereas, in urine, a lot of metabolites are present which may be undetectable depending on the antibody specificity [54].…”

Section: Antibodymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The antibody can be immobilized directly onto the SPE surface [54] or localized online in close proximity to the SPE as shown in a FIA setup [41]. A competitive immunoassay for amphetamine and analogue recreational drugs was developed for the drug determination in saliva and urine.…”

Section: Antibodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPE) for Drug Compounds Determination

Özkan

Kauffmann

Zuman

2015

Monographs in Electrochemistry

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“…However, it was noticed that there are discrepancies in the literature into the optimum potential for the electrochemical detection of TMB using carbon electrodes. Micheli et al, (2005) reported the detection of TMB at -100mV versus Ag/AgCl, whereas Butler et al, (2006), Fanjul-Bolado et al, (2005 and Volpe et al, (1998) suggest a voltage at +100mV versus Ag/AgCl. Since no previous literature reports could be found where the preferential potential had been discussed, step amerometry was performed to elucidate the correct potential for the developed immunosensor.…”

Section: Optimisation Of the Immunosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an electrochemical immunosensor for aflatoxin M1 in milk with focus on matrix interference

Parker

Tothill

2009

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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A simple sensor method was developed for aflatoxin M(1) analysis to be applied directly with milk by using antibody modified screen-printed carbon working electrode with carbon counter and silver-silver chloride pseudo-reference electrode. A competitive ELISA assay format was constructed on the surface of the working electrode using 3,3,5',5'-tetramethylbenzidine dihyrochloride (TMB)/H(2)O(2) electrochemical detection scheme with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as the enzyme label. The performance of the assay and the sensor was optimised and characterised in pure buffer conditions before applying to milk samples. Extensive interference to the electroanalytical signal was observed upon the analysis of milk. Through a series of chemical fractionations of the milk, and testing the electrochemical properties of the fractions, the interference was attributed to whey proteins with focus towards alpha-lactalbumin. A simple pre-treatment technique of incorporating 18 mM calcium chloride, in the form of Dulbucco's PBS, in a 1:1 ratio to the milk sample or standards and also to the washing buffer stabilised the whey proteins in solution and eliminate the interfering signal. The resulting immunosensor was interference free and achieved a limit of detection of 39 ng l(-1) with a linear dynamic detection range up to 1000 ng l(-1). The developed immunosensor method was compared to a commercial ELISA kit and an in-house HPLC method. The immunsensor was comparable, in term of sensitivity, but vastly superior in term of portability and cost therefore a key instrument for the detection of aflatoxin M(1) at the source of the contamination.

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Development of a disposable amperometric immunosensor for the detection of ecstasy and its analogues using screen-printed electrodes

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Biosensing at disk microelectrode arrays. Inter-electrode functionalisation allows formatting into miniaturised sensing platforms of enhanced sensitivity

Biosensing at disk microelectrode arrays. Inter-electrode functionalisation allows formatting into miniaturised sensing platforms of enhanced sensitivity

Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPE) for Drug Compounds Determination

Development of an electrochemical immunosensor for aflatoxin M1 in milk with focus on matrix interference

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