Development of a diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) cell for the in situ analysis of co-electrolysis in a solid oxide cell

Abstract

Co-electrolysis of carbon dioxide and steam has been shown to be an efficient way to produce syngas, however further optimisation requires detailed understanding of the complex reactions, transport processes and degradation mechanisms occurring in the solid oxide cell (SOC) during operation. Whilst electrochemical measurements are currently conducted in situ, many analytical techniques can only be used ex situ and may even be destructive to the cell (e.g. SEM imaging of the microstructure). In order to fully understand and characterise co-electrolysis, in situ monitoring of the reactants, products and SOC is necessary. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) is ideal for in situ monitoring of co-electrolysis as both gaseous and adsorbed CO and CO2 species can be detected, however it has previously not been used for this purpose. The challenges of designing an experimental rig which allows optical access alongside electrochemical measurements at high temperature and operates in a dual atmosphere are discussed. The rig developed has thus far been used for symmetric cell testing at temperatures from 450 °C to 600 °C. Under a CO atmosphere, significant changes in spectra were observed even over a simple Au|10Sc1CeSZ|Au SOC. The changes relate to a combination of CO oxidation, the water gas shift reaction, carbonate formation and decomposition processes, with the dominant process being both potential and temperature dependent.

The Significance of Properly Reporting Turnover Frequency in Electrocatalysis Research

“…In electrocatalysis,o perando UV/Vis,R aman, and IR spectroscopies [90][91][92][93] were mainly used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the catalytic reaction under study by following Figure 6. a) LSVsofselenide and selenite of Co 2+ showing the differenceint he oxidation peak current densitiesb efore and after activation (i.e., between the first run and after 100 th run).…”

In situ, simultaneous thermal imaging and infrared molecular emission studies of solid oxide fuel cell electrodes

“…The recent replacement of sapphire with CaF 2 windows has allowed extension of the lower energy cutoff from 1800 cm -1 to 1000 cm -1 , providing access to the H 2 O and CH 4 bending modes near 1600 cm -1 and 1305 cm -1 , respectively . Greater sensitivity at longer wavelengths also promises access to molecular signatures including carbonates [17,27], and impurities (e.g. sulfur and chlorine products) important in many different SOFC and SOEC studies.…”

“…Their Ni based SOFCs were operated with propane at 450 °C and under various biases [16]. As another example, Cumming et al have pioneered diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy for in situ measurements of electrochemical intermediates (including surface hydroxyls, carbonates, and bicarbonates) in SOEC applications [17]. Using atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (APXPS) techniques, Geller et al measured in situ the reduction of ceria in SOECs operating at 1-2 Torr in different environments [18].…”

Antioxidant, Antibacterial Analysis of Pectin Isolated from Banana Peel and its Application in Edible Coating of Freshly Made Mozzarella Cheese

“…Therefore, the peak at 1316 cm -1 determines the presence of uronic acid. A peak at 1024.1 cm -¹ reflects arabinofuranose [37] .The peak at 2925 cm -1 represents intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen Glycoside CH-CH2 and CH3 compounds [38].…”