Development of a diagnostic diagram for rapid field assessment of acidosis severity in diarrheic calves

Bellino, Claudio; Arnaudo, Fabrizio; Biolatti, Cristina; Borrelli, Antonio; Gianella, Paola; Maurella, Cristiana; Zabaldano, Giuseppe; Cagnasso, Aurelio; D’Angelo, Antonio

doi:10.2460/javma.240.3.312

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In accordance with the rule of electric inertness of systemic fluids, the potassium ions shift in an opposite direction (from a cell to extracellular fluid), thus causing an increase in their plasma concentration (Constable and Grunberg 2013). Metabolic acidosis observed in our study might have developed due to the reported loss of fluid and electrolytes in diarrhea (Bellino et al 2012). Furthermore, metabolic acidosis accompanying inflammation, sepsis, shock, and hypoxia is known to deteriorate the coagulation profile (Bick 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Changes in blood acid-base balance parameters and coagulation profile during diarrhea in calves

Sobiech

Rękawek

Ali³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The purpose of this study was to investigate possible alterations in acid-base balance parameters and the coagulation profile in neonatal diarrheic calves. Twenty neonatal diarrheic and 20 clinically healthy neonatal calves aged between 1 week to 10 days were used. All blood samples were taken on the third day from the onset of diarrhea symptom. Venous blood samples were collected from each animal to determine platelet numbers, pH, pCO 2 , pO 2 , HCO 3-, BE, O 2 SAT, ctCO 2 and electrolytes (K + , Na + and Cl -). Plasma samples were collected from each animal for the measurement of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), the concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimer and the activity of antithrombin III (AT III). Blood pH (7.19), BE (-10.6 mmol/l), HCO 3 -(25.15 mmol/l), pO 2 (3.33 kPa), O 2 SAT (24.12 %) were significantly lower and serum concentration of K + (6.55 mmol/l) was significantly higher in diarrheic calves. These changes indicate the state of uncompensated metabolic acidosis with accompanying hyperkalemia. TT (32.05s) and APTT (39.9s) values were more prolonged in calves with diarrhea than in the control group. D-dimer (587.25 μg/l) concentrations were significantly increased while a visible drop in AT III (103.75%) activity and platelets counts (598 x10 9 /l) were observed in diarrheic group of calves. The results suggest that a consumptive type of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed in diarrheic calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Changes in blood acid-base balance parameters and coagulation profile during diarrhea in calves

Sobiech

Rękawek

Ali³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…Assessment of the degree of metabolic acidosis on the basis of clinical signs has been investigated by several authors . A calf's demeanor is influenced by the severity of metabolic acidosis, hypothermia and degree of dehydration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Contribution of Unmeasured Anions to Acid–Base Disorders and its Association with Altered Demeanor in 264 Calves with Neonatal Diarrhea

Gómez

Löfstedt

Stämpfli

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…However, decreasing levels of these parameters were similar for all concentrate starter composition. Normal ranges for pH (7.31-7.49), PCO2 (46-56mmHg), HCO3 (22-30mEq/L) and BEecf (3-7mmol/L) are well established by the literature (Adams et al 1991, Nagy et al 2006, Do Rego Leal et al 2008, Bellino et al 2012. By analyzing the acid-base imbalance, the disorder may be classified in metabolic or respiratory alkalosis or acidosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…According to the literature (Nakagawa et al 2007, Bellino et al 2012, calves that have BEecf values from -3 to 7mmol/L are considered normal, lower than -10mmol/L are in metabolic acidosis and lower than -6mmol/L are in severe acidosis. Calves presented values higher than the normal range, suggesting that even at the third day of diarrhea calves were not in acidosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, blood gas and biochemical profile of diarrheic dairy calves fed starter concentrate containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn

et al. 2017

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790RESUMO.-[Perfis clínico de gás sanguíneo e bioquímico de bezerros leiteiros diarreicos alimentados com concentrado inicial contendo polpa cítrica como substituto de milho.] O objetivo desse estudo foi o de avaliar os sinais clínicos, análise de gases e os efeitos metabólicos da diarreia em bezerros em aleitamento, consumindo concentrado inicial contendo polpa cítrica (PC) como substituto de milho. Vinte e quatro bezerros recém-nascidos da raça Holandesa foram distribuídos, de acordo com a composição do concentrado, nos seguintes tratamentos: (1) 0% PC, (2) 32% PC, (3) 64% PC, na matéria seca. Os bezerros foram alojados em abrigos individuais, com acesso livre a água e concentrado, e receberam 4L/d de sucedâneo lác-teo. Após o diagnóstico de diarreia, avaliações de escore fecal, sinais clínicos e medidas de parâmetros fisiológicos foram realizadas três vezes ao dia durante 3-d. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas para análise de eletrólitos, hemogasometria e metabólitos plasmáticos. A composição do concentrado não afetou o escore fecal, as características das fezes diarreicas, ou o agravamento dos sinais clínicos da diarreia (P>0,05). Alterações nos parâmetros plasmáticos, de hemogasometria ou de eletrólitos, em função da comClinical, blood gas and biochemical profile of diarrheic dairy calves fed starter concentrate containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical signs, gas analysis, and metabolic effects of diarrhea in milk-fed calves consuming starter feed containing citrus pulp (CP) as a replacement for corn. Twenty-four newborn Holstein male calves were distributed into treatments according to starter composition: (1) 0% CP, (2) 32% CP, (3) 64% CP, on dry matter basis. The calves were housed in individual hutches, with free access to water and concentrate, and received 4 L/d of milk replacer. After diarrhea diagnosis, evaluations of fecal score, score of clinical signs and measurement of physiological parameters were performed three times a day during 3-d. Blood samples were collected for electrolytes, blood gases, and plasma biochemical analysis. Starter feed composition had no negative effect (P>0.05) on fecal score, characteristics of diarrheic stools and on the aggravation of diarrhea clinical signs. Biochemical, blood gases and electrolytes changes, as a function of starter composition, did not resulted (P>0.05) in dehydration, acidosis, or other metabolic disturbance animals. Total lactate and D-lactate plasma concentrations were higher for calves on control and 64% CP, and L-lactate was highest for the 64% CP; however, calves showed no signs of metabolic acidosis. Thermal comfort indexes influenced clinical and physiological parameters (P<0.05). Citrus pulp may replace corn in starter composition without prejudice to intestinal health or metabolism of young diarrheic calves.

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Development of a diagnostic diagram for rapid field assessment of acidosis severity in diarrheic calves

Abstract: Use of the diagnostic diagram may aid differentiation between severe and nonsevere acidosis patterns as determined on the basis of clinical signs.

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Changes in blood acid-base balance parameters and coagulation profile during diarrhea in calves

Changes in blood acid-base balance parameters and coagulation profile during diarrhea in calves

Contribution of Unmeasured Anions to Acid–Base Disorders and its Association with Altered Demeanor in 264 Calves with Neonatal Diarrhea

Clinical, blood gas and biochemical profile of diarrheic dairy calves fed starter concentrate containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn

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