Development of a defined medium forClostridium scatologenesATCC 25775

Abstract

Aims: To develop a defined medium for Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775, which produces the malodorants 3‐methylindole (skatole) and 4‐methylphenol (p‐cresol). Methods and Results: Clostridium scatologenes was cultured in anaerobic broth medium (pH 6·3) at 37°C containing ammonia, minerals and a commercial vitamin solution. Data indicate α‐ketoglutarate, l‐glutamate or l‐glutamine is a required nutrient that can also serve as a primary carbon and energy source. When cultured in defined medium containing glutamate; glucose, fructose and betaine served as primary carbon and energy sources. l‐Tryptophan, l‐tyrosine, sorbitol and indole acetic acid did not enhance growth. In the absence of tryptophan, cells produced indole when grown using glucose or fructose. 4‐Methylphenol was produced when growing cells were supplied with tyrosine. When supplied with tryptophan, 3‐methylindole was produced by glucose‐ or fructose‐growing cells but not from glutamate‐growing cells. Cells grown in the presence of pyruvate produced indole, 3‐methylindole and 4‐methylphenol. Conclusions: Clostridium scatologenes requires α‐ketoglutarate, l‐glutamate, or l‐glutamine for growth in defined medium. Cells produce indole when glucose or fructose is included in defined medium. Significance and Impact of the Study: The development of a defined medium will assist in physiology studies and genetic analysis of this strain.

Production of 4‐ethylphenol from 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid byLactobacillussp. isolated from a swine waste lagoon

“…Sample preparation and detection of analytes using HPLC were achieved as previously described with modification (Kridelbaugh and Doerner 2009). Immediately prior to HPLC analysis, samples were passed over a Hypersep C18 100 mg 1 ml −1 columns (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).…”

“…Lactobacillus sp. pep8 was routinely cultured at ambient temperature in semi-defined medium (Kridelbaugh and Doerner 2009) with 10 mmol l )1 glucose (SD-glc) with 5 ll l )1 vitamin K1 (Sigma Chem. Co, St Louis, MO, USA) and 50 ml l )1 each of mineral solutions #1 and #2 (Bryant and Burkey 1953) replacing the salt solution (Holdeman et al 1977).…”

Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775, a Chemolithoautotrophic Acetogenic Bacterium Producing 3-Methylindole and 4-Methylphenol

“…For the isolation of its genomic DNA, C. scatologenes were grown under anaerobic conditions using the medium reported previously (6). Genomic DNA was isolated using a Wizard Genomic DNA purification kit (Promega) and fragmented using Covaris S220 (Covaris, Inc.).…”

Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation: From Laboratory to Full-Scale Application

“…As medium shows positive effects on anammox process, many studies focused their attention on this area. Unfortunately, there is no systemic medium development study like those for other bacteria [48, 49]. …”