Development of a core mathematical model for arbitrary manoeuvres of a shuttle tanker

Interactive 3D desktop ship simulator for testing and training offloading manoeuvres

“…The ship also contains more abstract classes: the ShipLayout used to determine the ship's configuration, the ManKinemCont (Manoeuvring Kinematics and Control) to encapsulate all the dynamic data, and the ManDynamics (Manoeuvring Dynamics) for assimilating the forces and moments from all the model components and computing the total forces and moments affecting the motions of the ship. An extended model has been developed by Sutulo and Guedes Soares [11], and incorporated in this system, in order to deal properly with the hard manoeuvres required for berthing operations.…”

“…The manoeuvrability model uses the object-oriented manoeuvring code for surface displacement ships developed by Sutulo and Guedes Soares [10,11]. The ship is manoeuvred by three virtual objects: the main power handle, the steering wheel and the bow thrust controller.…”

Impact of Wind Loads on Long-Term Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Trans-Oceanic Shipping

“…Although the drift component may require to adjust the route with an appropriate rudder angle, resulting in increased consumptions, hereafter only the direct influence on added resistance will be taken into account. A thorough mathematical model can be found, for instance, in [10]. Equation 4 can be applied for the calculation of the longitudinal force imposed by wind:…”

“…A review of the methods can be found in [9]. In most of the cases, wind is studied for its negative effect on safety and maneuverability [10], [11], especially on ships with large exposed surface when sailing in congested areas or in ports. The combined effect of wind and waves on attainable speed has been studied by [12] with an application to a bulk carrier.…”

Safe offloading from floating LNG platforms

“…The following elements of the model were developed: 4-quadrant model for the propeller thrust, model for the propeller-generated sway force and yaw moment, 4-quadrant model for the rudder forces including the slipstream influence, consistent model for side thrusters, simple model for tug actions, model for aerodynamic forces and account for a uniform current, as described in Sutulo and Guedes Soares [20].…”