Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part II: Wind Turbine Wakes Interaction

Rodrigues, Rafael Valotta; Lengsfeld, Corinne S.

doi:10.3390/en12071328

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…For part I of this study, we focused on developing and validating a wind turbine CFD model, evaluating near wake characteristics under variable operating conditions other than the ones analyzed in the MEXICO experiment. In the second part of this research (Rodrigues and Lengsfeld [53] in review), the model from this study was adapted to analyze an extended wake region while still keeping a similar number of cells. The objective of part II is to develop a CFD model to analyze wind turbines interaction in wind farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further work could achieve an even better mesh layout design. Considering the extension of our analysis to a wind farm, a CFD technique was introduced in the second part of this research ( [53], in review) in which a profile is created for the outlet of a first simulation (representing the first row of turbines), and then plugged into a new simulation (as an inlet) to model a hypothetical downstream row of turbines. Even though there is a need for running multiple simulations to analyze interaction effects, we eliminated the need for simulating two turbines rows at once.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In part II of this work [53], an adaptation of CFD model validated in part I was carried out by extending the wake region to numerically model far wake effects. One of the novel aspects of part II is the application of a validated wind turbine CFD model to propose improvements for wind farm layout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part I: Model Validation and Near Wake Analysis

Rodrigues

Lengsfeld

2019

Energies

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The first part of this work describes the validation of a wind turbine farm Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using literature velocity wake data from the MEXICO (Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions) experiment. The work is intended to establish a computational framework from which to investigate wind farm layout, seeking to validate the simulation and identify parameters influencing the wake. A CFD model was designed to mimic the MEXICO rotor experimental conditions and simulate new operating conditions with regards to tip speed ratio and pitch angle. The validation showed that the computational results qualitatively agree with the experimental data. Considering the designed tip speed ratio (TSR) of 6.6, the deficit of velocity in the wake remains at rate of approximately 15% of the free-stream velocity per rotor diameter regardless of the free-stream velocity applied. Moreover, analysis of a radial traverse right behind the rotor showed an increase of 20% in the velocity deficit as the TSR varied from TSR = 6 to TSR = 10, corresponding to an increase ratio of approximately 5% m·s−1 per dimensionless unit of TSR. We conclude that the near wake characteristics of a wind turbine are strongly influenced by the TSR and the pitch angle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part I: Model Validation and Near Wake Analysis

Rodrigues

Lengsfeld

2019

Energies

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“…A wind turbine CFD model of the MEXICO rotor, previously developed and validated against near-wake velocity and rotor thrust data [9], was implemented to estimate wake effects such as wake velocity. After validation, the extended model included the far wake of the wind turbine, and more turbines in the physical domain [10]. Major details of the CFD model implemented (e.g., geometry and mesh sensitivity study) in this work can be found in the literature [9 -10].…”

Section: Cfd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aligned and Staggered Layouts: What is the Impact on Wind Farms Land-Use?

Rodrigues¹,

Lengsfeld²

2020

Preprint

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The use of wind energy has been developing fast over the last years. The global cumulative wind power capacity increased by 10.5% in 2019, most of which comes from onshore wind farms. One of the consequences of this continuous increase is the use of land for onshore wind farms. There are already cases worldwide where lack of well-established plans and strategies have caused delays in projects. The need for efficiently using land for wind farms will be mandatory in the short term. In this work, we present a numerical analysis to evaluate wind farm land-use. By defining the ratio between mechanical output power over an area as a parameter called land-use ratio, this work focused on comparing several cases of aligned and staggered layouts. Mechanical output power was estimated using a validated code based on Blade Element Momentum code, and the wake velocities and wake interaction effects were estimated using a validated wind turbine CFD model. In terms of output power, staggered designs are more efficient than aligned designs. However, the results showed that even though staggered designs produced higher output power, aligned farms with tight lateral spacing could be as efficient as staggered ones in terms of land-use but using fewer turbines. In summary, tightly aligned designs should be a tendency in the future towards efficient use of land in wind farms.

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“…In the evaluation of wind turbine wakes, field measurements and wind tunnel experiments using a scale model are difficult to carry out, so studies based on numerical simulations are generally performed instead [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The method with the highest prediction accuracy is using fully resolved geometries combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations [7]. In this method, the structures of the rotating wind turbine blades, nacelle, tower, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Wind Turbine CFD Modeling Method Based on a Porous Disk Approach for Practical Wind Farm Design

et al. 2020

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In this study, the new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) porous disk (PD) wake model was proposed in order to accurately predict the time-averaged wind speed deficits in the wind turbine wake region formed on the downstream side by the 2-MW wind turbine operating at a wind speed of 10 m/s. We use the concept of forest canopy model as a new CFD PD wake model, which has many research results in the meteorological field. In the forest canopy model, an aerodynamic resistance is added as an external force term to all governing equations (Navier–Stokes equations) in the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions. Therefore, like the forest model, the aerodynamic resistance is added to the governing equations in the three directions as an external force term in the CFD PD wake model. In addition, we have positioned the newly proposed the LES using the CFD PD wake model approach as an intermediate method between the engineering wake model (empirical/analytical wake model) and the LES combined with actuator disk (AD) or actuator line (AL) models. The newly proposed model is intended for use in large-scale offshore wind farms (WFs) consisting of multiple wind turbines. In order to verify the validity of the new method, the optimal model parameter CRC was estimated by comparison with the time-averaged wind speed database in the wind turbine wake region with fully resolved geometries, combined with unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, implemented using the ANSYS(R) CFX(R) software. Here, product names (mentioned herein) may be trademarks of their respective companies. As a result, in the range from x = 5D of the near wake region to x = 10D of the far wake region, by selecting model parameter CRC, it was clarified that it is possible to accurately evaluate the time-averaged wind speed deficits at those separation distances. We also examined the effect of the spatial grid resolution using the CFD PD wake model that is proposed in the present study, clarifying that the spatial grid resolution has little effect on the simulation results shown here.

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Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part II: Wind Turbine Wakes Interaction

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part I: Model Validation and Near Wake Analysis

Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part I: Model Validation and Near Wake Analysis

Aligned and Staggered Layouts: What is the Impact on Wind Farms Land-Use?

A New Wind Turbine CFD Modeling Method Based on a Porous Disk Approach for Practical Wind Farm Design

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