Development of a compact vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser end-pumped actively Q-switched laser for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract

Development of a compact verticalcavity surface-emitting laser end-pumped actively Q-switched laser for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy" (2016 This paper reports the development of a compact and portable actively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and its applications in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The laser was end-pumped by a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The cavity lases at a wavelength of 1064 nm and produced pulses of 16 ns with a maximum pulse energy of 12.9 mJ. The laser exhibits a reliable performance in terms of pulse-to-pulse stability and timing jitter. The LIBS experiments were carried out using this laser on NIST standard alloy samples. Shot-to-shot LIBS signal stability, crater profile, time evolution of emission spectra, plasma electron density and temperature, and limits of detection were studied and reported in this paper. The test results demonstrate that the VCSEL-pumped solid-state laser is an effective and compact laser tool for laser remote sensing applications. C 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.[http://dx

VCSEL end-pumped 1319nm Nd:YAG Q-switched laser

“…Summers et al obtained a fundamental mode Gaussian beam output of 8μW using a single VCSEL light-emitting unit end-pumped with Nd:YVO 4 microchip crystal [6] . In 2011, L. Goldbergd et al achieved 1064 nm laser output with a single pulse energy of 9 -18mJ and a repetition frequency of 5 Hz using a 6.4 mm × 6.4 mm VCSEL array end-pumped Ф4.25mm × 35mm Nd:YAG crystal rod from Princeton Optronics, using passive Q-switching [7] .In 2016, Shuo Li et al designed a compact VCSEL end-pumped Nd:YAG laser by means of active Q-switching, and obtained a laser output of 12.9mJ [8] .In 2017, Leeuwen R V et al designed a water-cooled VCSEL array end-pumped Nd:YAG solid-state laser and achieved an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 16.1% and a laser output of 47mJ at a single pulse energy [9] . Domestically, in 2013, Zhenzhen Yu et al used Nd:YAG-type fiber crystals as the gain medium, VCSEL arrays as the pump source, and Cr 4+ :YAG as the saturable absorber for passive Q-switching to obtain a laser output with a single pulse energy of 87.1μJ [10] .…”

Rapid nondestructive assessment of the degrees of sensitization of 5456 aluminum alloys using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with multivariate analysis

“…LIBS has the characteristics of realtime in situ analysis, being nearly non-destructive, multielement analysis, and remote detection. [14][15][16][17][18] Multivariate analysis has been applied in the eld of spectroscopy for decades to establish calibration models for classication, pattern recognition, clustering, regression etc., to predict the properties that are of interest. [19][20][21][22][23] In this study, LIBS with multivariate analysis was used to establish calibration models for sensitization assessment and to predict 5456 Al alloys (one typical Al alloy in the 5xxx Al alloy family) with the DoS levels unknown to the model.…”

“…LIBS has the characteristics of real-time in situ analysis, being nearly non-destructive, multi-element analysis, and remote detection. 14–18 Multivariate analysis has been applied in the field of spectroscopy for decades to establish calibration models for classification, pattern recognition, clustering, regression etc. , to predict the properties that are of interest.…”

Metrology and Measurement Systems

“…This concerns e.g. holographic interferometry [2][3][4], various types of anemometry, fast photography [5], PIV method [6][7][8][9][10], LIBS method [11][12][13][14]. Then it is impossible to complete the task with one Q-switched laser.…”