Development of a compact fast CCD camera and resonant soft x-ray scattering endstation for time-resolved pump-probe experiments

Abstract

The designs of a compact, fast CCD (cFCCD) camera, together with a resonant soft x-ray scattering endstation, are presented. The cFCCD camera consists of a highly parallel, custom, thick, high-resistivity CCD, readout by a custom 16-channel application specific integrated circuit to reach the maximum readout rate of 200 frames per second. The camera is mounted on a virtual-axis flip stage inside the RSXS chamber. When this flip stage is coupled to a differentially pumped rotary seal, the detector assembly can rotate about 100°/360° in the vertical/horizontal scattering planes. With a six-degrees-of-freedom cryogenic sample goniometer, this endstation has the capability to detect the superlattice reflections from the electronic orderings showing up in the lower hemisphere. The complete system has been tested at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and has been used in multiple experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

Magnetic order dynamics in optically excited multiferroicTbMnO3

“…Kirkpatrick-Baez optics were used to focus the beam to a spot size with a diameter less than 300 μm. Using the fast-CCD camera (fCCD) [18], we measured the (0q0) diffraction peak in the in-plane scattering geometry as a function of relative delay between collinear propagating x-ray pulses (π-polarized; 100 fs FWHM) and 800 nm (1.55 eV) pump pulses (~120 fs pulse duration; 118 μm 1/e 2 radius; ppolarized). Figure 2(a) shows how the diffraction peak intensity varies with time for absorbed pump fluences ranging from 2.6 to 18.4 mJ/cm 2 , where we have accounted for the reflectivity using dielectric function data from Bastjan et al [21].…”

“…Optical pump, soft X-ray resonant diffraction probe experiments were performed at the Soft X-Ray (SXR) beamline of the Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray Free Electron Laser (LCLS FEL) [17], using the Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering endstation [18]. The (010) cut TbMnO3 single crystal was oriented such that the a axis was in the horizontal scattering plane.…”

Speed limit of the insulator–metal transition in magnetite

“…Diffraction data were acquired using the RSXS endstation [30], equipped with a fast avalanche photodiode (integrating over the entire diffraction peak) and a two dimensional fast CCD camera both shielded from the optical pump laser by an Al window. Fig.…”

Two-dimensional imaging detectors for structural biology with X-ray lasers

“…In the twodimensional topology, each pixel has its own dedicated readout. The most common one-dimensional detector is the chargecoupled device (CCD), and CCDs of various forms are in use at all XFELs [1][2][3]. CCDs accumulate charge in each pixel, and (noiselessly) transport that charge from pixel-to-pixel.…”

“…For single-shot experiments, where all of the photons arrive simultaneously, counting is not possible. 1 Integrating detectors, which integrate all charge received during a certain period, are thus the readout architecture for XFELs.…”