Development of a coherent OTDR instrument

King, Jonathan P.; Smith, D.F.; Richards, K.; Timson, P.; Epworth, R.E.; Wright, Steven J.

doi:10.1109/jlt.1987.1075523

Cited by 79 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1. Since conventional C-OTDR is based on a singlefrequency probe, it only obtains one intermediate frequency (IF) by coherent detection [3] . In this letter, we use a phase modulator (PM) to convert a single-frequency probe to multiple frequencies and keep the local oscillator (LO) as the original single frequency.…”

Section: Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (C-otdr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance limit of a multi-frequency probe based coherent optical time domain reflectometry caused by nonlinear effects

Lv¹,

Song²,

Zhu³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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The nonlinear effects that limit the performance of the multi-frequency probe (MFP) based coherent optical time domain reflectometry (C-OTDR) are investigated. Based on theoretical analysis and experimental results, compared with conventional C-OTDR, when the probe pulse has power gradient within the pulse width, self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) are strengthened in the new C-OTDR scheme. The generation of four-wave mixing (FWM) is dependent on SPM and XPM, and with modulation frequency of phase modulator higher than 40 MHz, the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold can be enhanced by more than 5 dB, which benefits the maximum dynamic range of the MFP C-OTDR.

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Section: Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (C-otdr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance limit of a multi-frequency probe based coherent optical time domain reflectometry caused by nonlinear effects

Lv¹,

Song²,

Zhu³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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“…5 (the red line). As noise obeys statistic theory, averaging the results of a large number of measurements can reduce noise level of OTDR trace, which improves measurement DR [2]- [4]. The DR enhancement can be expressed as,…”

Section: Principle Of the Tdm-otdrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement DR is strongly dependent on averaging the results of a large number of measurements [2]- [6]. For quickly increasing measurement number, an M-ary frequency shift keying (FSK) probe method was proposed [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Division Multiplexing Optical Time Domain Reflectometry Based on Dual Frequency Probe

Zhang

Song

Liu

2012

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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A new frequency coding method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated that employs a phase modulator driven by sequential radio frequency and a synchronously controlled acoustooptic modulator to generate time division multiplexing probe pulses for coherent optical time domain reflectometry (C-OTDR). Each probe pulse contains two probe frequencies that are symmetrical regarding the frequency of local oscillator (LO). Heterodyne between the backscattered Rayleigh light of the dual frequency probe pulse and LO generates the same intermediate frequency. Experimental results show that the new C-OTDR, using ten frequency-coded probe pulses, brings an 8.0-dB dynamic range enhancement, compared with conventional C-OTDR.Index Terms-Coherent detection, frequency-coded probe pulse, optical time domain reflectometry, time division multiplexing.

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“…Also, in most optical diagnostic techniques such as coherent reflectometry, the phase error characteristics of laser sources restrict such performance characteristics as detection sensitivity and measurement range. In time domain coherent reflectometry [2], the probe pulse should be coherent within the pulse width, whereas coherent frequency domain reflectometry needs a coherent probe beam over the measurement range to achieve its inherent resolution [3], unless a particular phase noise compensation technique is adopted [4]. These approaches are analogous to Doppler lidar systems, which use coherent detection to observe optical frequency variation [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of Laser Phase Error Measurement Using Speckle Analysis in Coherent Fiber Reflectometry

Ito

Inoue

Okamoto

2013

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Phase error variance is an important figure in many laser applications such as coherent optical communication and interferometric optical diagnosis and is directly related to system performance. In this letter, we show that the phase error variance of a single-mode laser with a narrow linewidth can be measured as a function of relative delay without using any reference (local) beam. In addition, the results are in good agreement with those measured using the beat note of two identical lasers, one of which acts as a local beam. The new method, uniquely we believe, enables us to evaluate the phase error variance of lasers at continuous delays without using any reference (local) beam.Index Terms-Optical fiber measurement applications, laser noise, optical communication, optical interferometry.

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Development of a coherent OTDR instrument

Cited by 79 publications

References 13 publications

Performance limit of a multi-frequency probe based coherent optical time domain reflectometry caused by nonlinear effects

Performance limit of a multi-frequency probe based coherent optical time domain reflectometry caused by nonlinear effects

Time Division Multiplexing Optical Time Domain Reflectometry Based on Dual Frequency Probe

Verification of Laser Phase Error Measurement Using Speckle Analysis in Coherent Fiber Reflectometry

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