Development of a characterization approach for the sintering behavior of new thermoplastics for selective laser sintering

Drummer, Dietmar; Rietzel, Dominik; Kühnlein, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2010.08.081

Cited by 174 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A limited range of polymer powders are viable for LS and mostly involves Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) or other Polyamide based compounds [3] and in very few cases, Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) [4], Polycarbonate (PC) and Polystyrene (PS) [5]. However, new materials such Polypropylene (PP), Polyetherketone (PEEK) [4], High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) [6], Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) [7], Polylactic acid (PLA) and Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) [8] are currently showing increasing potential as LS materials.…”

Section: Laser Sinteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of laser power on tensile properties and material characteristics of laser-sintered UHMWPE

2016

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-Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) has excellent properties, such as high mechanical performance, low friction, high wear and chemical resistance but so far there has been limited use in additive manufacturing (AM). Laser sintering of polymers is one of the most promising AM technologies due to its ability to produce complex geometries with accurate dimensions and good mechanical properties. Consequently, this study investigates the influence of laser power on physical and mechanical properties of UHMWPE parts produced by laser sintering. In particular mechanical properties, such as Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Young's Modulus and elongation at break were evaluated alongside relative density, dilation and shrinkage. Finally, the fracture surface of the tensile test specimens was examined by electron microscopy. Results show that within a laser power range of 6-12 W there appears to be an optimum where tensile strength and relative density reach a maximum, dilation is minimised and where elongation increases with laser power. UTS up to 2.42 MPa, modulus up to 72.6 MPa and elongation at break up to 51.4% were observed. Relative density and part dimensions are also influenced by laser power.

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Section: Laser Sinteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of laser power on tensile properties and material characteristics of laser-sintered UHMWPE

2016

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“…Ho et al [3] evaluated the effect of the Energy Density (ED) parameter on polycarbonate structures, while a similar approach was adopted by Drummer et al [4,5] and Caulfield et al [6] for the analysis of PA structures. Most of them focussed on the influence of ED on the mechanical performance of laser sintered parts and the main outcome from these studies was that an increase of the ED caused the mechanical properties, especially tensile strength, to improve up to a value where they stabilise or slightly decrease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting processing parameters in high temperature laser sintering (HT-LS) from powder properties

2016

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New materials for Laser Sintering (LS) are usually developed using a trial and-error approach that consists of a series of builds within LS systems. This strategy is time consuming, costly and focuses only on the optimisation of the processing parameters, ignoring the powder properties of the materials under examination. Being able to predict processing parameters on the basis of the powder material properties would enable a faster development of new materials and new applications, while acknowledging a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms involved in LS. This paper provides new results into the prediction of processing conditions from the material properties. It is here shown that high temperature polymers such as Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) and Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PEK) can be successfully used in LS despite the lack of a super-cooling window. The evaluation of the stable sintering region of PEEK 450PF and the application the energy melt ratio parameter in relation to the mechanical performance of laser sintered PEEK samples are also provided. Lastly, a new method for estimating the powder bed temperature is proposed.

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“…In their case, a Sinterstation 2000 (3D Systems, USA) with layer thickness lying in the range 100-200 µm was used and therefore the authors considered materials with PSD ranging 10-150 µm to be suitable. Drummer et al [16] report that commercial LS good flowing materials have an average particle size of 60 µm with low presence of particles of diameter equal to, or less than 10 µm. Gibson and Shi [17] mention the particle size as one of the factors affecting the laser depth penetration during LS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore the percentage of internal pores increased with higher particle size. It is important to outline that several researchers reported the use of nanoparticles as additives [15,16,[21][22][23], although no further details on expected behaviour on particle flow were given.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of polymeric powders in Laser Sintering (LS): From Polyamide to new PEEK powders

Berretta

Ghita

Evans

2014

European Polymer Journal

113

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In an attempt to expand the range of engineering polymers used for laser sintering, this paper examines the morphology, flowability and interparticle interactions of two commercially available poly (ether ether) ketone (PEEK) powders, not yet optimised for the LS process, by comparison with the LS optimised Polyamide (PA) and Polyetherketone (PEK) powdered polymers . The effect of incorporating fillers and additives on the flow behaviour is also analysed. The Particle Size Distribution (PSD) results alone do not allow ranking the powder materials in relation to the flow behaviour. The particle morphology has a stronger influence on the flow characteristics for materials with similar PSDs. The work also provides additional characterization parameters to be considered when analysing LS powders. Graphical abstract

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Development of a characterization approach for the sintering behavior of new thermoplastics for selective laser sintering

Cited by 174 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of laser power on tensile properties and material characteristics of laser-sintered UHMWPE

Influence of laser power on tensile properties and material characteristics of laser-sintered UHMWPE

Predicting processing parameters in high temperature laser sintering (HT-LS) from powder properties

Morphology of polymeric powders in Laser Sintering (LS): From Polyamide to new PEEK powders

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