Development of a Cell Phone Addiction Scale for Korean Adolescents

Abstract

Purpose: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction scale for Korean adolescents. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. The participants were 577 adolescents in two middle schools and three high schools. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 3 factors explaining 55.45% of total variance. The factors were labeled as withdrawal/tolerance (7 items), life dysfunction (6 items), and compulsion/ persistence (7 items). The scores for the scale were significantly correlated with self-control, impulsiveness, and cell phone use. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 20 items was .92. Scale scores identified students as cell phone addicted, heavy users, or average users. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the cell phone addiction scale has good validity and reliability when used with Korean adolescents.

Exploring Smartphone Addiction: Insights from Long-Term Telemetric Behavioral Measures

“…We use the term in this paper, because it is the term used in much of the literature describing excess use of technology. Indeed, even the measurement scales used to assess this overuse have the word addiction in their titles [21,22]. We make no claims to the clinical diagnosis of smartphone addiction, as it is not currently included in the DSM-5, but instead rely on its colloquial use as a common description of behaviors that are at once reinforcing and potentially problematic.…”

“…Participants rated each item on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from never (1) to always (5). The IAT is a well-known instrument validated psychometrically across cultures [23,24] and the CPAS has also been used in several countries [21]. It should be noted that both scales are somewhat dated; thus, the authors made substantial changes to the items.…”

“…A 15-question survey, the Smartphone Addiction Measurement Instrument (SAMI), modeled after the Cellular Phone Addiction Scale (CPAS; [21]) and Internet Addiction Test (IAT; [22]) was administered at the end of the year-long study (Table 1). Participants rated each item on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from never (1) to always (5).…”

Üniversite öğrencileri için Problemli Cep Telefonu Kullanım Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri

“…In our data analysis, we first removed items 37 and 33, which were showing overlap. Next, 15 items with a factor loading below 0.50 (1,3,11,12,13,19,20,23,24,26,31,36,39,43,45) were eliminated from the scale. As can be seen in Table 1, the result of EFA, using principal component method and Varimax rotation, shows that the resulting scale has a 26-item 4-dimensional structure explaining 56.933% of the total variance; the item factor loadings with regard to this structure ranged between 0.61 and 0.82 in the deprivation (D) subdimension, between 0.53 and 0.74 in the adverse outcomes (AO) subdimension, between 0.51 and 0.69 in the control problem (CP) subdimension, and between 0.52 and 0.74 in the interaction avoidance (IA) subdimension.…”

“…Gunuc and Kayri (18) state that in the field of technology addiction, various forms like media, television, mobile phone, computer, and internet addictions can be found. As one form of problematic technology use, problematic mobile phone use has been referred to in the literature variously as mobile phone addiction (19,20), excessive mobile phone use (6), or problematic mobile phone use (4,8). Concerning the naming of problematic technology use, Ceyhan (21) specified negative results of internet use in the general population and indicated that using the term internet addiction in non-clinical studies was not appropriate.…”