Development of a catalytically green route from diverse lignocellulosic biomasses to high-density cycloalkanes for jet fuels

Abstract

A novel pathway for producing high-density cycloalkanes for jet fuels from diverse lignocellulosic biomasses and determining the optimal biomass source via catalytic microwave-induced pyrolysis and hydrogenation processes.

Two-stage ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulose for the production of gasoline-range chemicals

“…The highest aromatics content of 93.13% was achieved from the run at 600°C, as seen in Table 10. The temperature of the catalyst in catalytic pyrolysis of biomass affects the rates of thermal and catalytic reactions such as cracking, dehydration, decarbonylation, decarboxylation, and aromatisation [46], thus affecting the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons and the deoxygenation pathways. Increasing catalyst temperature leads to high selectivity and yields of aromatic hydrocarbons [46,47].…”

Selective Ring-Shift Isomerization in Hydroconversion of Fluorene over Supported Platinum Catalysts

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are claimed as potent atmospheric pollutants produced by fuel combustion, but they are also present, in a large amount, in oil, coal, and tar deposits. , Catalytic transformation of PAHs involved hydrogenation and hydrocracking becomes an important route to upgrade PAHs to fuels and petrochemicals. Since the demand for high-quality fuel is rising, deep hydrogenation of PAHs is urgently required to increase the cetane number of fuels. , In addition, the obtained polycyclic alkanes are clarified as high-energy-density fuels with compact molecule structure and robust ring strain, which is applicable in the field of aerospace. − Recently, a series of polycyclic alkanes (e.g., decalin, perhydrofluorene, perhydropyrene) have been examined as potential second- and third-generation immersion fluids with a high refractive index at 193 nm. , The application of saturated PAHs in the optical lithography raises the demand to develop highly active catalysts with superior hydrogenation performance …”

Sustainable biofuel and bioenergy production from biomass waste residues using microwave-assisted heating: A comprehensive review

“…Catalyst introduction can be done in situ or ex situ wherein with in situ catalytic MW pyrolysis, biomass and catalyst samples are premixed in the quartz reactor before the experiment [143] while with ex situ, biomass and catalysts are within the microwave cavity but in separate reactors [144,145]. Among the widely used catalysts, zeolite-based catalysts are highly regarded due to its excellent performance in enhancing selectivity and product yields [146][147][148][149]. MW-assisted pyrolysis in vacuum condition has also proved its efficacy in improving the yield and quality of bio-oil [139,150] and was even heightened when it was coupled with ex-situ catalysis with activated carbon [151].…”

“…[148] Douglas fir sawdust pellets 480 ºC, 10 min MW-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of Douglas fir pellets at 550 ºC under 0.25 catalyst to biomass ratio reported the maximum carbon content of desired aromatics at 24.76% [149] Palm kernel shell 700 W, 25 min Activated carbon from MW-assisted vacuum pyrolysis of biochar derived from kernel shells of oil palm demonstrated high adsorption capacity for metal atoms.…”