Development of a Canadian Agricultural Nitrogen Budget (CANB v2.0) model and the evaluation of various policy scenarios

Yang, Jing; Jong, R. De; Drury, C. F.; Huffman, E.C.; Kirkwood, V.; Yang, Xueming

doi:10.4141/s06-063

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…(1 ) (Yang et al 2007). Another factor to be considered is that the corn phase in the F-RC and NF-RC rotations will likely have the highest N 2 O emissions of the four phases because it receives large N inputs from alfalfa plow-down and/or application of side-dress N, while the other phases receive much lower N inputs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

et al. 2014

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Impacts of 49 Á 51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 421Á433. A field study was established in 1959 to evaluate the effects of fertilization and crop rotation on crop yields, soil and environmental quality on a Brookston clay loam. There were two fertilizer treatments (fertilized and not-fertilized) and six cropping treatments including continuous corn (CC), continuous Kentucky bluegrass sod and a 4-yr rotation of cornÁoatÁalfalfaÁalfalfa with each phase present each year. We measured N 2 O emissions, inorganic N and plant N uptake over three growing seasons (2007Á2009) in the corn phase. Nitrous oxide emissions varied over the 3 yr as a result of the seasonal variation in precipitation quantity, intensity and timing and differences in crop growth and N uptake. Fertilized CC lost, on average, 7.36 kg N ha(1 by N 2 O emissions, whereas the not-fertilized CC lost only 0.51 kg N ha (1 . Fertilized rotation corn (RC) lost 6.46 kg N ha (1 , which was 12% lower than fertilized CC. The notfertilized RC, on the other hand, emitted about half as much N 2 O (2.95 kg N ha(1 ) as the fertilized RC. Fertilized RC had corn grain yields that averaged 10.0 t ha(1 over the 3 yr followed by fertilized CC at 5.48 t ha . Not-fertilized RC corn had yields that were 61% lower (3.93 t ha(1 ) than fertilized RC, whereas the not-fertilized CC had yields that were 75% lower (1.39 t ha(1 ) than fertilized CC. Nitrous oxide emissions were found to be dramatically affected by long-term management practices and crop rotation had lower emissions in the corn phase of the rotation even though the N input from fertilizer addition and legume N fixation was greater. These N 2 O emission and yield results were due to both factors that are traditionally used to describe these processes as well as long-term soil quality factors, which were created by the long-term management (i.e., soil organic carbon, soil physical parameters such as bulk density, and porosity, soil fauna and microflora) and that influenced crop growth, N uptake and soil water contents. Les de´gagements d'oxyde nitreux ont fluctue´au cours de ces trois anne´es et on attribue le phe´nome`ne aux variations saisonnie`res du nombre, de l'intensite´et du moment des pre´cipitations, ainsi qu'aux diffe´rences observe´es au niveau de la croissance des cultures et de l'absorption de l'azote. La MC bonifie´e a perdu en moyenne 7,36 kg de N par hectare sous forme d'e´missions de N 2 O, alors que la MC sans amendement n'en a perdu que 0,51 kg par hectare. En assolement fertilise´, le maı¨s a perdu 6,46 kg de N par hectare, ce qui correspond a`12 % de moins que pour la MC bonifie´e. L'assolement de maı¨s (AM) non fertilise´, en revanche, a libe´re´a`peu pre`s la moitie´de N 2 O (2,95 kg de N par hectare) que l'AM amende´. L'AM fertilise´a donne´un rendement grainier moyen de 10,0 t par hectare au cours des trois anne´es a`l'e´tude, la MC fertilise´e arrivant deuxie`me avec 5,48 t par hectare....

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

et al. 2014

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“…The following annual N budget equations are a summary from those presented by Drury et al (2007) and Yang et al (2007). Calculation of RSN (kg N ha Á1 ) is shown in Eq.…”

Section: Residual Soil Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling nitrogen leaching in Prince Edward Island under climate change scenarios

Jong¹,

Qian²,

Yang³

2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2008. Modelling nitrogen leaching in Prince Edward Island under climate change scenarios. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 61Á78. Projected climate change in Canada and its impact on crop yield and production have been studied, but the impacts on soil and water quality are less well known. The objective of this study was to model and evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on soil nitrogen (N) leaching in Prince Edward Island. Residual soil nitrogen (RSN), the quantity of inorganic soil N at the time of harvest, was calculated from an annual N budget, based on Census of Agriculture data. RSN was ''added'' to the soil in the fall and subject to leaching until the start of the next growing season. Water and N movement in and through the soil were calculated with a modified version of the Versatile Soil Moisture Budget. The provincial averages of RSN and N leaching under historic (1971Á2000) climate and management conditions were calculated to be 30.8 kg N ha Á1 and 27.9 kg N ha Á1, i.e., 91% of the RSN was lost via leaching. With no changes in agricultural practices, N leaching under four climate change (2040Á2069) scenarios remained very similar (91%) to that simulated under historic climatic conditions. With agricultural intensification, in response to climate change and economic conditions, RSN levels increased to 35.7 kg N ha Á1 and estimates of soil N leaching increased by 5 to 30% beyond historic levels. Mots clé s: Azote re´siduel du sol, bilan versatile de la teneur en eau du sol, incidence du changement climatique, adaptation de l'agriculture, contamination de l'eau Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient required by all crops. Legumes, such as soybean (Glycine max L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), fix N from the atmosphere. However, nonleguminous crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) require applied N to optimize yield. Nitrogen is added to non-leguminous crops via fertilizer, manure and atmospheric deposition. Other sources of N for crop uptake include the decomposition products of crop residues and soil organic matter.The addition of N is not without environmental risk, however. Incomplete N uptake by crops inevitably

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“…Manure supply was computed from the size of the livestock population in each region. The demand for manure, however, was determined by the DCC and the crop-specific nitrogen fertilizer requirements in each region (Yang et al 2006). In the 2001 dairy GHG budget, regional deficits in nitrogen (below recommended) that could not be met by dairy cattle manure were satisfied from manure produced by non-dairy livestock within the region .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term trends in the greenhouse gas emissions from the Canadian dairy industry

Dyer¹,

Vergé²,

Desjardins³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2008. Long term trends in the greenhouse gas emissions from the Canadian dairy industry. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 629Á639. Estimates of the efficiency of mitigation measures on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the agricultural sector are required. In this paper, recently calculated dairy GHG emissions for 2001 were extrapolated back to 1981 for census years using an index. The index was verified by comparing it with estimates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology for 1991. The index agreed with the IPCC estimates within 1% for methane and 4% for nitrous oxide on a national scale with no region having a difference of more than 5% for methane. For nitrous oxide, all regions were within 10%, except British Columbia, where the index was 19% too high. The index indicates that GHG emissions from primary milk production within the Canadian dairy industry have decreased by about 49% since 1981, mainly due to a 57% reduction in the dairy cow population during that period. The GHG emissions per kilogram of milk decreased by 35%, that is from 1.22 kg CO 2 eq kg(1 milk to 0.91 kg CO 2 eq kg (1 milk. Because this study took into account the energy-related CO 2 emissions from all the major farm inputs (fertilizer and fossil fuel), there was little risk of hidden GHG emissions in the emission intensity calculation. This study demonstrates that where lack of input data restricts historical application of simulation models, a semi-empirical index approach can yield valuable results.

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Development of a Canadian Agricultural Nitrogen Budget (CANB v2.0) model and the evaluation of various policy scenarios

Cited by 52 publications

References 23 publications

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

Modelling nitrogen leaching in Prince Edward Island under climate change scenarios

Long-term trends in the greenhouse gas emissions from the Canadian dairy industry

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