Development of a biocidal treatment regime to inhibit biological growths on cultural heritage: BIODAM

Young, Maureen; Alakomi, Hanna-Leena; Fortune, Irene; Gorbushina, Anna A.; Krumbein, Wolfgang E.; Maxwell, Ingval; McCullagh, Cathy; Robertson, Peter K. J.; Saarela, Maria; Valero, José R. Lerma; Vendrell, M.

doi:10.1007/s00254-008-1455-1

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The use of microscopy techniques to study microbial colonies in their natural microhabitat has also demonstrated that EPS penetrate small pore spaces of the substratum and may facilitate subsequent penetration of the micro-organisms into the material, increasing stone biodeterioration. These studies have shown that penetration of growing organisms into rock and the diffusion of their excreted products may occur to depths of several millimetres (Saiz-Jimenez, 1999;Koestler, 2000;Salvadori, 2000;Pohl & Schneider, 2002;Young et al, 2008). Pohl & Schneider (2002) applied computerized image analysis to detect and quantify the biomass and depth of penetration of endolithic micro-organisms into carbonate rock surfaces.…”

Section: Biodeterioration Of Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salvadori (2000) examined by SEM the endolithic communities inhabiting Italian stone monuments and observed that euendolithic cyanobacteria and fungi could easily penetrate the calcite crystals of marble. The periodic contraction and expansion of EPS induces mechanical stress on the stone surface, particularly when the polymer penetrates into the pores, stimulating defoliation of the biofilm and the underlying substratum, evident at macroscopic scale (Saiz-Jimenez, 1999;Young et al, 2008;Kemmling et al, 2004). Krumbein & Urzì (1991) reported the physical action on and within marble through biofilms and microbial growth, demonstrating that stability and activity of water in polyionic gel matrix was crucial for the physical reactions and interactions between microbiota and rock and rock porosity, giving rise to decomposition and detachment of grains, chips or scales in marbles.…”

Section: Biodeterioration Of Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of microscopy techniques to study microbial colonies in their natural microhabitat has also demonstrated that EPS penetrate small pore spaces of the substratum and may facilitate subsequent penetration of the micro-organisms into the material, increasing stone biodeterioration. These studies have shown that penetration of growing organisms into rock and the diffusion of their excreted products may occur to depths of several millimetres (Saiz-Jimenez, 1999;Koestler, 2000;Salvadori, 2000;Pohl & Schneider, 2002;Young et al, 2008 Saiz-Jimenez, 1999;Young et al, 2008;Kemmling et al, 2004). Krumbein & Urzì (1991) reported the physical action on and within marble through biofilms and microbial growth, demonstrating that stability and activity of water in polyionic gel matrix was crucial for the physical reactions and interactions between microbiota and rock and rock porosity, giving rise to decomposition and detachment of grains, chips or scales in marbles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the presence of these colloidal polymeric substances, the biofilm incorporates large amounts of water into its structure, ensuring the maintenance of moisture by balancing changes in humidity and temperature, which permits cyanobacteria and algae to resist drought periods (Gó mez-Alarcó n et al , 1995; SaizJimenez, 1999;Schumann et al, 2005). These biofilms are composed of populations or communities of different micro-organisms (microalgae, cyanobacteria, bacteria and fungi) immobilized on the stone surface (substratum) and frequently embedded in an organic polymer matrix formed by EPS, such as polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, glycolipids, fatty acids and enzymes (Young et al, 2008). EPS are also responsible for binding cells and other particulate matter together (cohesion) and to the substratum (adhesion) (Cecchi et al., 2000;Warscheid & Braams, 2000) (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview

Macedo

Miller

Dionísio³

et al. 2009

Microbiology

224

130

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The presence and deteriorating action of micro-organisms on monuments and stone works of art have received considerable attention in the last few years. Knowledge of the microbial populations living on stone materials is the starting point for successful conservation treatment and control. This paper reviews the literature on cyanobacteria and chlorophyta that cause deterioration of stone cultural heritage (outdoor monuments and stone works of art) in European countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Some 45 case studies from 32 scientific papers published between 1976 and 2009 were analysed. Six lithotypes were considered: marble, limestone, travertine, dolomite, sandstone and granite. A wide range of stone monuments in the Mediterranean Basin support considerable colonization of cyanobacteria and chlorophyta, showing notable biodiversity. About 172 taxa have been described by different authors, including 37 genera of cyanobacteria and 48 genera of chlorophyta. The most widespread and commonly reported taxa on the stone cultural heritage in the Mediterranean Basin are, among cyanobacteria, Gloeocapsa, Phormidium and Chroococcus and, among chlorophyta, Chlorella, Stichococcus and Chlorococcum. The results suggest that cyanobacteria and chlorophyta colonize a wide variety of substrata and that this is related primarily to the physical characteristics of the stone surface, microclimate and environmental conditions and secondarily to the lithotype. IntroductionStone monuments, statues and historic buildings are exposed to the effects of physical, chemical and biological deteriorating factors. This review will focus on the damage caused by micro-organisms, in a process referred to as biodeterioration. Stone works of art can be colonized by different groups of micro-organisms, including bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae and fungi. Microbial populations present in a stone substratum are usually the result of successive colonization by different micro-organisms that has taken place over several years. It is a process that relies upon the capacity of a substratum to provide a protective niche on which micro-organisms can develop. According to several authors, cyanobacteria and chlorophyta (green algae) are considered the pioneering inhabitants in the colonization of stone (Ortega-Calvo et al., 1991;Tiano et al., 1995; Cecchi et al., 2000;Lamenti et al., 2000;Tomaselli et al., 2000b;Crispim & Gaylarde, 2005). Due to their photoautotrophic nature, these micro-organisms develop easily on stone surfaces, giving rise to coloured patinas and incrustations ( Fig. 1) (Tomaselli et al., 2000b). Identifying the micro-organisms involved in biodeterioration is one of the most important steps in the study of the microbial ecology of monumental stones. It can help us to understand the microbial biodiversity, the phases of colonization and the relationship among populations on the surfaces and between micro-organisms and substrata.Here we review the occurrence of cyanobacteria and green algae identified on stone monuments, statues and histo...

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Section: Biodeterioration Of Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biodeterioration Of Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of microscopy techniques to study microbial colonies in their natural microhabitat has also demonstrated that EPS penetrate small pore spaces of the substratum and may facilitate subsequent penetration of the micro-organisms into the material, increasing stone biodeterioration. These studies have shown that penetration of growing organisms into rock and the diffusion of their excreted products may occur to depths of several millimetres (Saiz-Jimenez, 1999;Koestler, 2000;Salvadori, 2000;Pohl & Schneider, 2002;Young et al, 2008 Saiz-Jimenez, 1999;Young et al, 2008;Kemmling et al, 2004). Krumbein & Urzì (1991) reported the physical action on and within marble through biofilms and microbial growth, demonstrating that stability and activity of water in polyionic gel matrix was crucial for the physical reactions and interactions between microbiota and rock and rock porosity, giving rise to decomposition and detachment of grains, chips or scales in marbles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview

Macedo

Miller

Dionísio³

et al. 2009

Microbiology

224

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Open Conference Proceedings Journal, 2016, Volume 7 31 kill damaging organisms and prevent their regrowth for an acceptable length of time while causing no damage to the substrate or deposition of chemical residues in the stone [30]. Possible treatments should be tested on a small scale, but preferentially on the affected monument itself to determine their real effectiveness against microorganism colonizing different microhabitats.…”

Section: Biodeterioration Of Stone Monumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodeterioration of Stone Monuments a Worldwide Issue

Tiano¹

2016

Open Conf. Proceed. J.

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Abstract:The biodegradation is a general action strictly linked in the presence of active organisms, and this is not only unavoidable but it represents a fundamental process of the Biosphere. When this process is acting on « valuable » objects, is named as Biodeterioration. The consequences surely produce a worse condition, and this process is particularly unfavourable when the object belongs to the Cultural Heritage field. Climatic factors (temperature, humidity, rain, sun exposure, and air pollutants) can establish good conditions for the development of several organisms on the surfaces, inducing first of all aesthetic damages (vegetative structures, coloured patches or patinas and crusts). Different approaches have been adopted to isolate, identify and quantify such wide group of organisms, and several methodologies and products have been used to eliminate and prevent such biological settlements. However, this field needs to subdue the sector of the qualification and to emphasise the quantification of such phenomenon. Furthermore, we have to consider this as one factor in a more general theory of Biogeomorphogenesis. A model describing the concept of stone durability, involving the Biodeterioration process, is proposed. The data of the selected parameters coming from different dominions could be integrated and elaborated in a new relational database MDDM (Management of Dynamic Durability Model). The exact knowledge of the resistance of a monumental object is crucial for a suitable schedule maintenance. Taking into consideration that the process can never be stopped but only slowed down to a minimum with balanced prevention and intervention actions.Keywords: Biodeterioration, Biogeomorphogenesis, Conceptual model, Stone durability. PROBLEMATICThe biodeterioration of monumental heritage is a worldwide phenomenon. The most severe effects are found in tropical areas where the climate is extremely favourable to the growth of higher plants that can cover and destroy even big artistic monuments. The process is mainly due to centennial years of lack of maintenance, as smaller plants must be eradicated as soon as they grow. In our countries, such kind of degradation is very uncommon and limited to monuments abandoned since several years or part of them with difficulty of access. Most investigation in this field emphasised the study of microorganisms that produce stained patches or coloured crusts on the surface of stones. These microorganisms play a key role in many biogeochemical processes and can adapt themselves to extremely various environments. Modern conservation strategies underline the need to know and understand the structure and function of complex microbial communities that cause biodeterioration of materials that constitute our cultural heritage. Until recently, the detection and identification of microorganisms inhabiting cultural objects were based only on classical cultural methodologies derived from soil microbiology. These are very simple and provide information only on organisms capable of growth und...

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Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Films: Study of Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties for Surface Protection

Barberio

Veltri

Sokullu

et al. 2015

Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Nanostructured and Multifunctional Materials II

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Development of a biocidal treatment regime to inhibit biological growths on cultural heritage: BIODAM

Cited by 81 publications

References 29 publications

Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview

Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview

Biodeterioration of Stone Monuments a Worldwide Issue

Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Films: Study of Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties for Surface Protection

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