Development mechanisms and influencing factors of dump flooding

Su, Hongsheng; Mu, Lan; Han, Hao; Liu, Yongge; Li, Bo

doi:10.1016/s1876-3804(15)30064-1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…It shows that when the injection rates are 0.05 and 5.0 mL/min, respectively, after the separation of extracted oil and water, the transparency of the water layer is relatively high, and it reflects the low density of emulsified oil in the water layer; by way of contrast, the transparency is relatively low when the injection rate is 0.5 mL/min, and it signifies that the density of emulsified oil is simultaneously enhanced. When the injection rate is high, on one hand, the contact time between chemical agents and crude oil is correspondingly reduced; therefore, both the IFT reduction and emulsification performances are weakened, and it leads to relatively low displacement efficiency; on the other hand, water often breaks through high permeable water channels too early when the injection rate is high, and it correspondingly reduces the sweep efficiency of the flooding system . On the contrary, the low injection rate results in the small displacement force, and then the previously emulsified oil droplets may coalesce again to form big oil droplets or even oil bank which may plug the small flow channels, rebuild the residual oil in the low permeable zone, and finally reduce the incremental oil recovery.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of a Surfactant/Compound Organic Alkalis Flooding System for Enhanced Oil Recovery

et al. 2017

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Monoisopropanolamine (MIA) and monoethanolamine (MEA), which are two kinds of organic alkalis, present favorable potential for enhanced oil recovery. When MIA and MEA are respectively applied, the minimum oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) can be reduced to about 1 mN/m, the crude oil can be emulsified, and the originally oil–wet sand surface can be altered to weak water-wet status. To display the synergistic effect of surfactant and organic alkalis, a surfactant/compound organic alkalis (MIE/MEA) flooding system (SMM), which consists of 0.10 wt % SDBS, 0.15 wt % MIA, and 0.10 wt % MEA, is screened. This system can reduce the minimum oil/water IFT to an ultralow value which contributes to the emulsion stability. Results of sandpack flooding tests indicate that although the incremental oil recovery can be continuously enhanced with the increase of the SMM slug size, there is an optimal injection size (0.8 PV in this study) when the expense is taken into consideration. As for the effect of the injection type, the highest incremental oil recovery (21.86% OOIP) is achieved when organic alkalis (MIA/MEA) are simultaneously injected with the SDBS. During the SMM flooding, emulsification is a crucial flooding mechanism, and most of the incremental oil is extracted in the form of emulsified oil droplets. Moreover, the injection rate is optimized (0.5 mL/min) for the SMM flooding system to achieve a satisfactory incremental oil recovery.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of a Surfactant/Compound Organic Alkalis Flooding System for Enhanced Oil Recovery

et al. 2017

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Dump-Flooding Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) Approach and Lessons Learned in Sustaining Production Cycle

Nasharudin,

Siew,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil &Amp; Gas Conference and Exhibition

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Water injection for pressure maintenance is common in the oil and gas field to ensure a reservoir’s energy does not drop beyond the limit which will jeopardize production over time. Most of the major oil companies utilize the produced water on surface for injection or treated seawater either as pressure support or as a sweeping catalyst to recover as much hydrocarbon possible. Water dump-flooding is one of the less common methods of pressure maintenance as compared to surface injection. This method utilizes the shallower aquifer sand as the inflow to feed the deeper reservoir. As a mature field of water-flooding, downhole injection does fit the purpose in theory but there are many considerations which need to be addressed before embarking on this route. Even though well intervention technology has advanced in recent years, most companies would rather keep well intervention as simple and quick to avoid increasing Operating Expenditure (OPEX) which will push further the job priority. This is due to the well's accessibility, especially for offshore settings with limited space and operating window duration, especially when weather is known to be the main showstopper. Subsurface issues such as sand migration, gas handling, reservoir souring and scaling may also contribute to the system's inefficiency, which may result in system failure. Installing an ESP especially with an inverted pump does need an extensive monitoring capability be it downhole or on surface. Lack of essential data handling will often lead to malfunction which results in an expensive operation of pulling and total workover. The dump-flooding method was chosen as the field has an existing aquifer with no serious compatibility issues across different reservoirs. The idea was deployed considering the existing platform capability with minimum modification on surface whilst ensuring the reservoir is being supported continuously. Downhole sand control for the water source zone was necessary in the designing stage to mitigate formation failure based on its lithology that would interrupt the ESP efficiency. The supported reservoir requires constant pressure charging to sustain its production and realizing some of the future development plans. This paper will talk through the process and challenges faced during the planning, designing, commissioning, and maintenance of the dump-flood ESP. The lessons learned are crucial to ensure the project is a success for supporting the reservoir with minimal operational obstacles during execution.

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Development mechanisms and influencing factors of dump flooding

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Experimental Evaluation of a Surfactant/Compound Organic Alkalis Flooding System for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Experimental Evaluation of a Surfactant/Compound Organic Alkalis Flooding System for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Dump-Flooding Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) Approach and Lessons Learned in Sustaining Production Cycle

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