Development in the Wild: Phenotypic Plasticity

Donohue, Kathleen

doi:10.1002/9781119312994.apr0495

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 122 publications

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“…The most successful individuals will be those with plastic life-history strategies that allow optimal resource acquisition and allocation (Barrett, Eckert, & Husband, 1993). However, much attention has been paid to single-taxon responses, whereas comparative works of phylogenetically close taxa showed that the phenotypic plasticity can vary substantially in the pattern and amount of variation exhibited (Barrett & Wilson, 1981;Donohue, 2018;Schlichting & Levin, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex allocation in aquatic ferns: The role of body size

Coelho

Basulto

Fávaro

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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Patterns of resource allocation reflect the plastic strategies that result from different selective pressures imposed by the environment. However, biomass allocation can be limited by architectural restrictions that change with the plant size. Our knowledge about sex allocation in heterosporous aquatic ferns remains scarce and studies on the reproductive strategies of these plants may yield valuable information regarding the evolutionary history of heterospory. Here, we investigate resources allocation, both in number and in biomass, to produce megasporangia and microsporangia among three species of Salvinia with different body sizes. Salvinia oblongifolia, S. auriculata and S. minima were collected in temporary ponds on the floodplain of the Pandeiros River in Brazil. We counted megasporangia and microsporangia, and measured their dry mass in each ramet. We also measured the total vegetative biomass and total reproductive biomass of each ramet in each species. Resource allocation to megasporangia production is associated with the specific body size of each species. However, the allocation for microsporangia production was higher in the species with intermediate size, which probably may be related to the drought event. The total reproductive biomass of each species was not dependent on the total vegetative biomass, but despite a similar reproductive effort, species differ on which sex is prioritized in the allocation process. Our results provide the first data about the processes underlying the sex allocation of Salvinia in the floodplains. The production of sori is size dependent in each Salvinia species and is shaped by drought, an intense selective pressure in temporary wet habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex allocation in aquatic ferns: The role of body size

Coelho

Basulto

Fávaro

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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Rapid local adaptation in both sexual and asexual invasive populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulusspp.)

Simón‐Porcar

Silva²,

Vallejo-Marin

2021

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims Traditionally, local adaptation has been seen as the outcome of a long evolutionary history, particularly with regard to sexual lineages. By contrast, phenotypic plasticity has been thought to be most important during the initial stages of population establishment and in asexual species. We evaluated the roles of adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the invasive success of two closely related species of invasive monkeyflowers (Mimulus) in the UK that have contrasting reproductive strategies: M. guttatus combines sexual (seeds) and asexual (clonal growth) reproduction while M. × robertsii is entirely asexual. Methods We compared the clonality (number of stolons), floral and vegetative phenotype, and phenotypic plasticity of native (M. guttatus) and invasive (M. guttatus and M. × robertsii) populations grown in controlled environment chambers under the environmental conditions at each latitudinal extreme of the UK. The goal was to discern the roles of temperature and photoperiod on the expression of phenotypic traits. Next, we tested the existence of local adaptation in the two species within the invasive range with a reciprocal transplant experiment at two field sites in the latitudinal extremes of the UK, and analysed which phenotypic traits underlie potential local fitness advantages in each species. Key Results Populations of M. guttatus in the UK showed local adaptation through sexual function (fruit production), while M. × robertsii showed local adaptation via asexual function (stolon production). Phenotypic selection analyses revealed that different traits are associated with fitness in each species. Invasive and native populations of M. guttatus had similar phenotypic plasticity and clonality. M. × robertsii presents greater plasticity and clonality than native M. guttatus, but most populations have restricted clonality under the warm conditions of the south of the UK. Conclusions This study provides experimental evidence of local adaptation in a strictly asexual invasive species with high clonality and phenotypic plasticity. This indicates that even asexual taxa can rapidly (<200 years) adapt to novel environmental conditions in which alternative strategies may not ensure the persistence of populations.

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Genotypic variation in the persistence of transgenerational responses to seasonal cues*

2020

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Phenotypes respond to environments experienced directly by an individual, via phenotypic plasticity, or to the environment experienced by ancestors, via transgenerational environmental effects. The adaptive value of environmental effects depends not only on the strength and direction of the induced response but also on how long the response persists within and across generations, and how stably it is expressed across environments that are encountered subsequently. Little is known about the genetic basis of those distinct components, or even whether they exhibit genetic variation. We tested for genetic differences in the inducibility, temporal persistence, and environmental stability of transgenerational environmental effects in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic variation existed in the inducibility of transgenerational effects on traits expressed across the life cycle. Surprisingly, the persistence of transgenerational effects into the third generation was uncorrelated with their induction in the second generation. Although environmental effects for some traits in some genotypes weakened over successive generations, others were stronger or even in the opposite direction in more distant generations. Therefore, transgenerational effects in more distant generations are not merely caused by the retention or dissipation of those expressed in prior generations, but they may be genetically independent traits with the potential to evolve independently.

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Development in the Wild: Phenotypic Plasticity

Cited by 3 publications

References 122 publications

Sex allocation in aquatic ferns: The role of body size

Sex allocation in aquatic ferns: The role of body size

Rapid local adaptation in both sexual and asexual invasive populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulusspp.)

Genotypic variation in the persistence of transgenerational responses to seasonal cues*

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