Development in plasma surface diffusion techniques of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: a review

Xing, Ya-Zhe; Wang, Gui; Zhang, Yong; Chen, Yong-Nan; Dargusch, Matthew S.

doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0302-5

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…These methods mainly involve large surface‐hardened thickness and cause phase transformation in the underlayer microstructures, which increases the hardness. The latest surface hardening techniques: plasma surface diffusion, [ 101 ] duplex hardening, [ 102 ] laser surface alloying, [ 103 ] microwave heating, [ 104 ] friction stir processing, [ 105 ] and high‐current pulsed electron beam processing [ 106 ] are typical approaches, which are expected to induce fine microstructures or additional elements in the surface.…”

Section: Design Strategies Of Wear‐resistant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Wear‐Resistant Materials: Designs, Properties, and Applications

et al. 2021

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There has been tremendous interest in the development of different innovative wear‐resistant materials, which can help to reduce energy losses resulted from friction and wear by ≈40% over the next 10–15 years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on designs, properties, and applications of wear‐resistant materials, starting with an introduction of various advanced technologies for the fabrication of wear‐resistant materials and anti‐wear structures with their wear mechanisms. Typical strategies of surface engineering and matrix strengthening for the development of wear‐resistant materials are then analyzed, focusing on the development of coatings, surface texturing, surface hardening, architecture, and the exploration of matrix compositions, microstructures, and reinforcements. Afterward, the relationship between the wear resistance of a material and its intrinsic properties including hardness, stiffness, strength, and cyclic plasticity is discussed with underlying mechanisms, such as the lattice distortion effect, bonding strength effect, grain size effect, precipitation effect, grain boundary effect, dislocation or twinning effect. A wide range of fundamental applications, specifically in aerospace components, automobile parts, wind turbines, micro‐/nano‐electromechanical systems, atomic force microscopes, and biomedical devices are highlighted. This review is concluded with prospects on challenges and future directions in this critical field.

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Section: Design Strategies Of Wear‐resistant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Wear‐Resistant Materials: Designs, Properties, and Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Nitriding treatment mainly includes gas nitriding, carbonitriding and plasma nitriding [5][6][7]. Plasma nitriding has many advantages, such as good wear resistance, high diffusion speed, ease to control, little deformation and environment-friendliness [8,9], and is an important surface strengthening method in mold and friction parts. In addition, understanding the wear properties of specimens treated by plasma nitriding under different friction conditions is vital to the mechanical structure design and actual use of the friction parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Surface Properties and Wear Properties of AISI H11 Steel Treated by Auxiliary Heating Plasma Nitriding

et al. 2020

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This paper presents an auxiliary heating method to maintain a uniform specimen temperature and precisely control nitriding temperature during plasma nitriding. The surface properties and wear properties of AISI H11 steel treated by auxiliary heating plasma nitriding are investigated. Firstly, the specimens with different diffusion layers and different hardness levels are fabricated through changing the plasma nitriding temperature. Secondly, the surface properties of the plasma-nitrided H11 steel specimens are characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, metallographic microscope and microhardness tester. The results show that the surface hardness of the plasma-nitrided specimen is almost twice as high as that of the untreated specimen. The thickness of diffusion layer increases with the increase of nitriding temperature. However, the surface hardness firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of the nitriding temperature. Finally, the wear properties of untreated and plasma-nitrided H11 steel specimens are investigated under different friction conditions. The results show that the plasma-nitriding method can significantly improve the wear resistance of AISI H11 steel. The friction coefficient fluctuations of the plasma-nitrided specimens are all lower than those of the untreated specimens. In addition, the wear rates of the plasma-nitrided specimens rise along with load, and reduce along with the sliding speed and friction temperature.

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“…At the same time, low tribological properties are the main disadvantage, which significantly limit the use of titanium alloys as structural materials for critical elements of machines and mechanisms [4][5][6]. Surface modification allows for overcoming this disadvantage while preserving of other useful properties [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Surface modification allows simultaneous improvement of several characteristics, such as surface hardness and fatigue properties [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the mentioned above research papers were focused on the development of the methods of the surface modification of the titanium alloys, or the approaches to form desirable intermetallic phases in Ti-Al system. For the initial characterization of the microstructure, metallography, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction methods have been successfully used [7][8][9][10]13,17,30,31,33,35,36,42,51]. However, detailed study of the microstructure in gradient materials requires the application of analytical methods with high resolution, such as transmission electron microscopy, which was successfully used previously [14,22,32,34,42,46,54,58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEM Study of a Layered Composite Structure Produced by Ion-Plasma Treatment of Aluminum Coating on the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

et al. 2023

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Using the methods of transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, we study the microstructure and phase composition of the coating and modified intermetallic layers obtained in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy by the deposition of the Al coating and subsequent processing in low-pressure non-self-sustained arc discharge plasma (CIPT—complex ion-plasma treatment). The deposition of the aluminum coating on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy is accompanied by the formation of a layered and a gradient microstructure: nanocrystalline near the “coating/substrate” interface and ultrafine-grained in the outer part of the aluminum coating, with α-stabilized region of ≈5 µm thick in the surface layer in base titanium alloy. After the CIPT, the coating and the surface of the base titanium alloy have a layered morphology: each of the layers possesses different grain structure and composition. In the direction from the outer surface of the specimen to the base material, the following phase sequence has been confirmed by diffraction and elemental analysis: TiAl3 → TiAl3 + nc-(Al(Ti) + α-Ti) → nc-(Al(Ti) + α-Ti) → TiAl3 → TiAl3 + TiAl → TiAl → Ti3Al → α-Ti alloy → (α + β)-Ti alloy. The nanocrystalline aluminum layer, which has been formed during the deposition of the aluminum coating, does not undergo phase transformation and recrystallization under the CIPT. Nanocrystalline structure can favor the interdiffusion of the elements between the coating and base material, and stimulate phase transformation in coarser grains situated under and over it.

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Development in plasma surface diffusion techniques of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: a review

Cited by 15 publications

References 98 publications

Recent Progress on Wear‐Resistant Materials: Designs, Properties, and Applications

Recent Progress on Wear‐Resistant Materials: Designs, Properties, and Applications

Investigation of the Surface Properties and Wear Properties of AISI H11 Steel Treated by Auxiliary Heating Plasma Nitriding

TEM Study of a Layered Composite Structure Produced by Ion-Plasma Treatment of Aluminum Coating on the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

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