Development in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): Sexually dimorphic behavior during the first year of life

Eaton, G. Gray; Johnson, Deanne F.; Glick, Barbara B.; Worlein, Julie M.

doi:10.1007/bf02382400

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(8 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among Japanese macaques, mothers of high rank showed more time in ventral contact with sons, but there was no sex difference in low-rank mothers [Schino et al, 1999]. In many macaques, males play more, more roughly and in larger play groups [Mitchell, 1979;Eaton et al, 1985].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Behavior and the Social Interactions of Immature Galago senegalensis braccatus

Nash

2003

IJFP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is little detailed documentation of immature behavior, especially mother-offspring interactions, for nocturnal prosimians, and few studies have examined sex differences in mother-offspring interactions. This study compares the behavior of captive-born Galago senegalensis braccatus, the Senegal galago, from 1 to 20 weeks of age for 3–5 females and 4–6 males. The subjects lived in social groups, onfa reversed light cycle. Three 10-min focal samples were taken each week, for each subject, during each of the 6 most active hours of the waking cycle (night). Locally weighted regression scatterplot smoothing analysis was used to test for sex differences in behavior. There were no sex differences in most forms of mother-offspring contact, including nursing, control of proximity with the mother or grooming. Females were more active than males in the rate of solitary acrobatic play and, only after the age of weaning, in locomotion. Altogether, these observations suggest that the sexes might not present more energetic ''costs’ to mothers. There were tendencies for female immatures to play with the mother more than male immatures did, and a tendency for the males to investigate the cage more than the females. Male and female immatures groomed non-mother group mates in equivalent amounts. Since males are likely the dispersing sex in galagos, these differences might be reflective of later dispersal patterns. However, comparisons are needed with a female dispersal species (e.g. chimpanzees) to test this hypothesis. Alternative hypotheses concerning the ''cost’ and/or ''value’ of sons versus daughters need to be explored.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Behavior and the Social Interactions of Immature Galago senegalensis braccatus

Nash

2003

IJFP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sex differences in behaviors such as play and grooming have been reported for young macaques in laboratory peer groups (HARLOW, 1962), in social captive groups (HINDE & SPENCER-BooTH, 1967;MITCHELL & BRANDT, 1970), and in free-(or semi-free-) ranging groups (ITOIGAWA, 1973;EATON et al, 1985EATON et al, , 1986KOYAMA, 1985;NAKAMICHX, 1989). It is interesting therefore to examine the possible development of behavioral differences between male and female infants living with only their mothers under the extremely restricted conditions of individual caging in the early months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There are particularly abundant data for macaques (Macaca) based on studies of caged groups and studies undertaken in open enclosures and free-ranging situations (e.g. for M. mulatta, HINDE & SPENCER-BOOTH, 1967;BERMAN, 1980BERMAN, , 1982 for M. fuscata, ITOI-GAWA, 1973;HIRAIWA, 1981;EATON et al, 1985; KAUFMAN, 1967). The results obtained show that, for macaques raised in social groups, the mother-infant interaction during the first few months is characterized by a steadily decreasing time spent in body contact, decreasing maternal holding, and decreasing infant suckling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother-infant interactions of wild-born, individually-caged cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during the first 14 weeks of infant life

1990

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. This study documents age-related changes in the interactions of wild-born cynomolgus macaque mothers and their infants living in individual cages during the first 14 weeks of infant life. Body contact between mother and infant, maternal holding, and infant sucking were found to decrease, and the mothers showed an increased frequency of aggression toward their infants with age. These results were broadly similar to those reported for mother-infant interactions in other macaques living in social groups. Nevertheless, a clear difference between the present cynomolgus macaques and other macaques in social groups was apparent. The cynomolgus macaque mothers tended to permit their infants to move about freely without displaying maternal protectiveness such as restraint or retrieval, unlike other macaque mothers in social groups. Such maternal behaviors might derive from the experience of living in individual cages for many years and the relative safety of living in individual cages. The lack of maternal restraint and retrieval could be responsible for the observed sex differences in behavior: male infants moved more actively, and broke, and made contact with their mothers more frequently than did female infants. Moreover, mothers of female infants held and groomed them more frequently and were less aggressive toward them.

show abstract

“…Such differences appeared as early as 2-3 weeks of age [24,31], Female infants associated more with mothers than did male infants; infant males interacted more exten sively with other group members than did female infants. There appears to be a recipro cal relation between the behaviour of infants, mothers and other group members that con tributes to the development of sexually di morphic patterns of behaviour [41]. This is adapted to the social life of both sexes later in life: females continue to maintain contact with their mothers and other group members and to remain in the natal group; males leave their natal group and then emigrate to another group to form new associations.…”

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male and female macaque infants receive differential treatment early in life both from their own mothers and from other group members, and they in turn treat their mothers and other group members differently [12,24,31,41], Mothers restrain, retrieve, groom and maintain contact more with female infants than with males (rhesus macaque [6]; Japa nese macaque [41,42]). Female infants of Tibetan macaques were carried and groomed by their mothers more than male infants [25].…”

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Development of Infants of Macaca thibetana at Mount Emei, China

Deng

1993

IJFP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of infant Mαcαcα thibetαnα was studied at Mount Emei, China, and compared to that of other macaque species. It was found that there are many common features in the process of infant socialization in species of the genus Mαcαcα: mothers play an important and active role, other group members influence the infants’ development to a greater or lesser extent and play is a major activity in the life of infants. Some differences were found to exist, however, between macaque species. These included differences in maternal care behaviour such as ‘len’, leaving time and weaning time. Paternal behaviours were also found to vary within and among species. Tibetan macaque males care for infants extensively, and they may use infants as an agonistic buffer. The natural and social environment may also influence differences between macaque species in infant development.

show abstract

Development in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): Sexually dimorphic behavior during the first year of life

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Sex Differences in the Behavior and the Social Interactions of Immature Galago senegalensis braccatus

Sex Differences in the Behavior and the Social Interactions of Immature Galago senegalensis braccatus

Mother-infant interactions of wild-born, individually-caged cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during the first 14 weeks of infant life

Social Development of Infants of Macaca thibetana at Mount Emei, China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About