Development Cycle Modeling: Process Risk

Abstract

The first part of this paper outlined the Statistical Agent-based Model of Development and Evaluation (SAbMDE) and demonstrated the model’s ability to estimate development cycle resource utilization. This second part of the paper explores the model’s ability to compute development cycle information content and process risk. Risk managers focus mostly on outcome risk, i.e., the likelihood that a running system will behave in an undesirable manner. SAbMDE assumes that a subset of outcome risks are not inherent and immutable but are, instead, the result of defects and vulnerabilities introduced during the system’s development process. The likelihood of defect and vulnerability introduction is a process risk. SAbMDE further assumes that measuring process risk is a prerequisite for minimizing defects and vulnerabilities and, therefore, outcome risk. The model implements the measurement with Shannon’s information–probability relationship similar to its use in Axiomatic Design Theory (ADT). This paper details the SAbMDE’s information and risk calculations and demonstrates those calculations with examples. The process risk calculation is consistent with and offers a mechanism for the ADT Information Axiom.

Development of a sociometric web application to study the relationship among secondary school learners

“…Therefore, the newly sociometric web application was invented through 7 processes of creating the sociometric: (1) determining the target group to be studied; (2) determining the selection situation; (3) familiarizing with the study group; (4) collecting data by a sociometric system; (5) creating a sociometry table; (6) developing a sociometry map; and (7) interpreting a sociometry map ( Suraseth, 2019 ). Additionally, the web application followed 4 important steps of the design and development of a sociometric web application: (1) the analysis phase that aims to survey existing data by studying obtainable data and reports, observing the operation methods, and conducting interviews; (2) the design phase that seeks to use the analysis results and collected data to design the system; (3) the development phase that uses all the design data to create a program according to the design plan; and (4) the implementation phase that uses, tests, and improves the developed program ( Batory et al., 1994 ; Larman, 2004 ; Molina-Ríos and Pedreira-Souto, 2020 ; Denard et al., 2020 ). Also, the guidelines can be summarized as follows: (1) having clear objectives; (2) having well-structured and quality design; (3) having interactivity with users and are easy-to-use; and (4) showing the identity of the organization and meeting international standards ( Gunawan et al., 2017 ; Labib, 2017 ; Waterhouse, 2005 ).…”

“…Based on the study by Batory et al. (1994) , Larman (2004) , Molina-Ríos and Pedreira-Souto (2020) , and Denard et al. (2020) , the development cycle of the information system used in the design and development of a sociometric web application to study the relationship among secondary school learners were divided into 4 important steps: (1) the analysis phase aims to survey existing data by studying obtainable data and reports, observing the operation methods, and conducting interviews; (2) the design phase seeks to use the analysis results and collected data to design the system; (3) the development phase uses all the design data to create a program according to the design plan; and (4) the implementation phase uses, tests, and improves the developed program.…”

Development Cycle Modeling: Transdisciplinary Implications

“…There are also many sequences that are images of other people and things. But, in the same way that a geographical map allows a driver to navigate to a destination, the set of all sequences, M , forms a map ( 18) that can direct an artist from a blank canvas to a particular portrait; see [40]. Given a sequence, precisely reproducing an image is a straightforward, albeit tedious, task.…”

“…An explicit agent decision causes each operation to be performed. This modeling approach's potential was demonstrated by Denard et al [39,40]: SAbMDE can estimate the effort required to traverse a DPath; and it an compute a DPath's likelihood of reaching a DEP.…”

“…Only when the agent discovers an adequate XSpace can the agent traverse the DPath to a DEP in that XSpace. As explained in [40], XSpace structure and characteristics can facilitate XSpace discovery.…”