Development, Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Evaluation of Carvacrol-loaded Nanoemulsion

Dantas, Amanda Gabrielle Barros; Souza, Rafael Limongi de; Almeida, Anderson Rodrigues de; Júnior, Francisco Nairon Monteiro; Pitta, Maíra Galdino da Rocha; Rêgo, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo; Oliveira, Elquio Eleamen

doi:10.3390/molecules26133899

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, no anthelmintic activities from the nanoformulation vehicle (BNE) were observed in both in vitro and in vivo studies, reinforcing the hypothesis that the experimental antiparasitic properties of CVNE are related to the delivery of carvacrol in nanoemulsion. Interestingly, a low cytotoxic potential was observed for CVNE and BNE on two cell lines (HaCat and Vero), which is in accordance to recent observations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Dantas et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Given the chemical and physical characteristics of carvacrol, the use of an appropriate nano-based drug delivery system is becoming increasingly widespread (He et al, 2019;Niza et al, 2020;Miranda-Cadena et al, 2021;Vitali et al, 2021). Previous studies have described a stable carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion with absence of cytotoxicity (Dantas et al, 2021;Motta Felício et al, 2021). Moreover, carvacrol nanoemulsion exhibited improved antimicrobial activity compared to the free oil (Motta Felício et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis

et al. 2022

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Since praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, a neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 240 million people worldwide, there is an urgent demand for new antischistosomal agents. Natural compound-loaded nanoparticles have recently emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Carvacrol is an antimicrobial monoterpene present in the essential oil extracted from several plants, especially oregano (Origanum vulgare). In this study, a carvacrol nanoemulsion (CVNE) was prepared, characterized, and administered orally (200 mg/kg) in a mouse infected with either immature (prepatent infection) or adult (patent infection) Schistosoma mansoni. For comparison, data obtained with an unloaded nanoemulsion (blank formulation), free carvacrol, and the drug of reference praziquantel are also presented. CVNE was more effective than free carvacrol in reducing the worm burden and egg production in both patent and prepatent infections. Favorably, CVNE had a high effect in terms of reducing the number of worms and eggs (85%–90%) compared with praziquantel (∼30%) in prepatent infection. In tandem, carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion markedly improved antischistosomal activity, showing efficiency in reducing worm and egg burden, and thus it may be a promising delivery system for the treatment of schistosomiasis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis

et al. 2022

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“…CV did not exhibit cytotoxicity and reduced the production of IL-2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants. CVNE showed no cytotoxicity and impaired IL-2, IL-17, and IFN-γ levels [ 41 ]. Essential oils from Rimulus cinnamon (EORC) decreased the numbers of neutrophils and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eugenia sulcata (Myrtaceae) Nanoemulsion Enhances the Inhibitory Activity of the Essential Oil on P2X7R and Inflammatory Response In Vivo

et al. 2022

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P2X7R is a purinergic receptor with broad expression throughout the body, especially in immune system cells. P2X7R activation causes inflammatory mediators to release, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the processing and release of which are critically dependent on this ion channel activation. P2X7R’s therapeutic potential augments the discovery of new antagonistic compounds. Thus, we investigated whether the Eugenia sulcata essential oil could block P2X7R activity. The essential oil (ESO) dose-dependently inhibited ATP-promoted PI uptake and IL-1β release with an IC50 of 113.3 ± 3.7 ng/mL and 274 ± 91 ng/mL, respectively, and the essential oil nanoemulsion (ESON) improved the ESO inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 81.4 ± 7.2 ng/mL and 62 ± 2 ng/mL, respectively. ESO and ESON reversed the carrageenan-activated peritonitis in mice, and ESON exhibited an efficacy higher than ESO. The majority substance from essential oil, β-caryophyllene, impaired the ATP-evoked PI uptake and IL-1β release with an IC50 value of 26 ± 0.007 ng/mL and 97 ± 0.012 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, β-caryophyllene reduced carrageenan-induced peritonitis, and the molecular modeling and computational simulation predicted the intermolecular interactions in the P2X7R situs. In silico, results indicated β-caryophyllene as a potent allosteric P2X7R antagonist, although this substance may present toxic effects for humans. These data confirm the nanoemulsion of essential oil from E. sulcata as a promisor biotechnology strategy for impaired P2X7R functions and the inflammatory response.

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“…[21] Earlier research has described a stable, carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion that is free from toxicity. [22] In this work, we planned to synthesize and characterize the selenium/ chitosan/PEG-carvacrol nanocomposites (SCP-Car-NCs) and assess their in vitro anticancer properties against MM U266 cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐cancer potential of selenium‐chitosan‐polyethylene glycol‐carvacrol nanocomposites in multiple myeloma U266 cells

Zhang

Zhao

Chinnathambi

et al. 2023

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer that is characterized by malignant plasma cell proliferation. Approximately 10% of all blood cancers are MM, and there is no standard curative therapy. In this work, we intended to synthesize, characterize, and assess the anticancer effects of selenium/chitosan/polyethylene glycol–carvacrol nanocomposites (SCP‐Car‐NCs) on MM U266 cells in vitro. Various characterization techniques were used to characterize the synthesized SCP‐Car‐NCs. Several in vitro free radical scavenging experiments were conducted to test the ability of synthesized SCP‐Car‐NCs to scavenge the different free radicals. The cytotoxicity of SCP‐Car‐NCs was assessed on Vero and U266 cells using the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. By using various fluorescence staining techniques, the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, MMP, and apoptosis were measured. Using commercial test kits, the levels of oxidative stress and apoptotic biomarkers in control and treated U266 cells were assessed. The highest peak in the UV spectral analysis was found to be at 271 nm, demonstrating the development of SCP‐Car‐NCs. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the synthesized SCP‐Car‐NCs contained a variety of stretching and bonding. The X‐ray diffraction study confirmed the crystallinity of SCP‐Car‐NCs. The dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the SCP‐Car‐NCs had an average size of 171 nm. The different free radicals, such as the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and peroxyl radicals, were significantly scavenged by the SCP‐Car‐NCs. According to the MTT assay results, the SCP‐Car‐NCs decreased the viability of U266 cells while having no impact on the proliferation of Vero cells. The SCP‐Car‐NCs significantly boosted ROS production, decreased the MMP level, and promoted apoptosis, as evidenced by the fluorescence staining experiments. In U266 cells treated with SCP‐Car‐NCs, the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased while superoxide dismutases and glutathione levels were reduced. In the SCP‐Car‐NCs treated U266 cells, it was found that the Bax, caspase‐3, and −9 activities had increased while the Bcl‐2 level had decreased. In conclusion, our findings show that SCP‐Car‐NCs treatment reduced the viability and increased apoptosis in the U266 cells, providing a new insight on SCP‐Car‐NCs' potential for usage in the future to treat MM.

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Development, Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Evaluation of Carvacrol-loaded Nanoemulsion

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis

Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis

Eugenia sulcata (Myrtaceae) Nanoemulsion Enhances the Inhibitory Activity of the Essential Oil on P2X7R and Inflammatory Response In Vivo

Anti‐cancer potential of selenium‐chitosan‐polyethylene glycol‐carvacrol nanocomposites in multiple myeloma U266 cells

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