Development and validation of the Self-efficacy, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Environmental Tobacco Smoke (SE-KAP-ETSQ) in the Malay language for mothers with children below 6 years old.

Abstract

Introduction: Children under 6-years old are most susceptible to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Mothers spend more time with their children and need to be empowered to protect their children from ETS. The study aimed to develop and validate a Malay ETS questionnaire that measures the self-efficacy, knowledge, attitude, and avoidance practice (SE-KAP-ETSQ) among mothers with children below 6 years old. Materials and Methods: The SE-KAP-ETSQ was adapted from two questionnaires; 10-item EEQ and 29-item KAP-ETSQ. The two phases of the study are phase 1: development of the questionnaire and phase 2: validation of the questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS ver.26 and AMOS ver.24. Result: A total of 513 mothers; Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was 186 and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was 327 responded with a mean age of 31.44 years. EFA identified four domains with 26 items. Factor loadings ranged from 0.574 to 0.854 and Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.755 to 0.887. CFA generated four models before it achieved best-fit indices with root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.053, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) was 0.932, comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.968, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) was 0.960, Chi-squared/degree of freedom (ꭓ2/df) was 1.909, that left 17 items with factor loadings ranged from 0.614 to 0.948. Composite reliability and average variance extracted of the domains ranged from 0.778 to 0.858 and 0.534 to 0.689, respectively. Conclusion: This study produced a valid and reliable new Malay SE-KAP-ETSQ that can be used for further studies within a wider population.

Hemodialysis nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices in managing vascular access: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia

“…The development of this was based on the framework of knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy. [17][18][19] The selfefficacy domain assesses the perceptual abilities of individual nurses in the specific field of VA management, as well as their confidence in carrying out specific tasks. The questionnaire comprised of demographic information (9 items), specific knowledge on VA (10 items), personal attitude toward VA care practices (6 items), usual practice (7 items), and self-efficacy in VA cannulation and management (6 items).…”

Studying the Influence of School Culture on Health-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine

“…2. Hypothesis 2 (H2): knowledge of TCM is positively associated with the adoption of TCM treatment as well as health life practices Influence of attitudes toward TCM on TCM treatment adoption and health life behaviours In recent research on attitudes toward smoking and behaviour change, mothers decided to raise their infants in smoke-free homes out of worry for their infant's health and the impacts of secondhand smoke inhalation [2]. A study in food health research [58] has shown that consumers with positive attitudes can positively influence their hygiene and cooking habits.…”