Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS-J)

Yokomitsu, Kengo; Takahashi, Takahito; Kanazawa, Junichiro; Sakano, Yuji

doi:10.1186/s40405-015-0006-4

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the gambling expectancy is significantly associated with gambling symptoms. These results are consistent with earlier research showing that probable disordered gamblers were more likely to make irrational predictions of gambling outcomes and had more positive gambling expectancies [7, 29]. Because disordered gamblers are likely to possess cognitive distortions [8], the inclusion of gambling cognitive distortion is crucial in the treatment of gambling disorders [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Higher scores indicated a higher number of cognitive distortions. The GRCS-J has excellent internal consistency ( α = .94) and good convergent validity with the SOGS-J ( r = .61) [29]. In this study, the total scale demonstrated high internal consistency ( α = .97).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS [22]) assesses five gambling-related cognitions: illusion of control, predictive control, interpretative bias, gambling expectancy, and perceived inability to stop gambling. The Japanese version of the GRCS (GRCS-J) [29] is a 23-item questionnaire designed to measure gambling-related cognitions. As with the GRCS, participants responded using a seven-point Likert scale to indicate the extent to which they agreed with the values expressed in each item.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gambling symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive distortions in Japanese university students

Yokomitsu

Sakai

Irie

et al. 2019

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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BackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate the relationship between symptoms of gambling problems, gambling behaviours, and cognitive distortions among a university student population in Japan ages 20 to 29 years. We aimed to address the gap in knowledge of gambling disorders and treatment for this population.MethodsData were obtained from 1471 Japanese undergraduate students from 19 universities in Japan. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical multivariate regression analysis were used to investigate whether the factors of gambling cognitive distortions would have predictive effects on gambling disorder symptoms.ResultsResults indicated that 5.1% of the participants are classifiable as probable disordered gamblers. The bias of the gambling type to pachinko and pachislot was unique to gamblers in Japan. Of the students sampled, 342 self-reported gambling symptoms via the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis indicated that one domain of gambling cognitive distortions was associated significantly with gambling symptoms among the 342 symptomatic participants: gambling expectancy (β = 0.19, p < .05). The multivariate model explained 47% of the variance in the gambling symptoms.ConclusionThis study successfully contributed to the sparse research on university student gambling in Japan. Specifically, our results indicated a statistically significant relationship between gambling cognitive distortions and gambling disorder symptoms. These results can inform the development of preventive education and treatment for university students with gambling disorder in Japan. The report also describes needs for future research of university students with gambling disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gambling symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive distortions in Japanese university students

Yokomitsu

Sakai

Irie

et al. 2019

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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“…The GSAS is a valid tool as it shows a significant correlation (r = .51) with the pathological gambling adaptation version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Pallanti, DeCaria, Grant, Urpe, & Hollander, 2005) and holds internal consistency (Cronbach's a = .869). In Japan, although measures of gambling-related variables have been developed, the concepts measured, have been limited to specific domains, such as gambling urges (Tanaka et al, 2017) and gambling related cognition (Yokomitsu, Takahashi, Kanazawa, & Sakano, 2015). Furthermore, the GSAS was developed for Koreans (Kim et al, 2005) and also applied to sexual symptoms (the Sexual Symptom Assessment Scale; Raymond, Lloyd, Miner, & Kim, 2007), suggesting that it is globally useful and adaptable to various related investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor structure and validation of the Japanese version of the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (GSAS-J)

Yokomitsu

Kamimura

2019

JGI

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The Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (GSAS) is a 12-item self-rated measure designed to assess gambling symptoms. This study was designed to translate the GSAS into Japanese and to examine the factor structure and validity of the Japanese version of the GSAS (GSAS-J) for a Japanese sample population. We examined the measurement invariance in the GSAS-J between a probable disordered and a non-disordered gambling sample. Seven hundred and seven participants (380 men, 327 women; mean age = 48.41, SD = 10.79) living in Japan were recruited online and included in the analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the GSAS-J factor structure (one-factor structure model) was appropriate for the data (χ2(48) = 195.49, p < .05; CFI = .927; RMSEA = .066; SRMR = .036). Results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the GSAS-J demonstrated strong factorial invariance between probable disordered gamblers and non-disordered gamblers. The Cronbach a coefficient was .96 for the total scale. Good concurrent validity was found for the GSAS-J in relation with other variables: the Kruskal-Wallis H test showed severe and extreme gamblers spent more days and much more money than those of moderate or mild gamblers, and the GSAS-J was significantly correlated with South Oaks Gambling Screen (r = .57), Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (r = .71), and Gambling Urge Scale (r = .72). Furthermore, t-test results indicated significant gender differences in GSAS-J scores. These results indicate GSAS-J is a valid measure for assessing gambling symptoms in Japanese sample populations.Résumé La Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (GSAS) (échelle d’évaluation des symptômes du jeu pathologique) est une mesure d’auto-évaluation en 12 points, conçue pour évaluer les symptômes du jeu. Cette étude visait à traduire le GSAS en japonais et à examiner la structure factorielle et la validité de la version japonaise du GSAS (GSAS-J) pour un échantillon de population japonaise. Nous avons examiné l’invariance des mesures du GSAS-J entre un échantillon de jeu problématique probable et un échantillon de jeu non problématique. Sept-cent-sept participants (380 hommes, 327 femmes; âge moyen = 48,41, SD = 10,79) vivant au Japon ont été recrutés en ligne et inclus dans les analyses. Les résultats de l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire ont indiqué que la structure factorielle du GSAS-J (modèle de structure à un facteur) était appropriée pour les données (χ2(48) = 195,49, p < 0,05; CFI = 0,927; RMSEA = 0,066; SRMR = 0,036). Les résultats de l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire multi-groupes ont indiqué que le GSAS-J démontrait une forte invariance factorielle entre les joueurs probablement pathologiques et les joueurs non pathologiques. Le coefficient de Cronbach a était de 0,96 pour l’échelle totale. Une bonne validité convergente a été trouvée pour le GSAS-J en fonction de relation avec d’autres variables: Test Kruskal-Wallis H – le groupe de joueurs montant de graves et à très graves symptômes du jeu a passé plus de jours et dépensé beaucoup plus d’argent que les joueurs des groupes ayant des symptômes modérés ou légers; analyses de corrélation – South Oaks Gambling Screen (r = 0,57), échelle des cognitions liées au jeu (Gambling Related Cognitions Scale) (r = 0,71) et échelle de jeu compulsif (r = 0,72). En outre, les résultats du test de Student indiquaient des différences significatives entre les sexes dans les scores GSAS-J. Ces résultats indiquent que le GSAS-J est une mesure valable pour évaluer les symptômes du jeu dans les échantillons de la population japonaise.

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“…The GRCS has been found to be highly reliable (scale Cronbach’s α = 0.93, domain Cronbach’s α = 0.77–0.91) and criterion valid when tested against the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) ( Whelan, Meyers, & Steenbergh, 2007 ), a widely used instrument for assessing gambling-related behavior ( Lesieur & Blume, 1987 ; Stinchfield, 2002 ). Validated versions of the GRCS have been developed for Chinese ( Oei, Lin, & Raylu, 2007 ), Japanese ( Yokomitsu & Takahashi, 2015 ), Turkish ( Arcan & Karanci, 2013 ), French ( Grall-Bronnec et al., 2012 ), and Italian samples ( Donati, Ancona, Chiesi, & Primi, 2015 ; Iliceto et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of affect-driven impulsivity in gambling cognitions: A convenience-sample study with a Spanish version of the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale

et al. 2017

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Background and aimsAbnormal cognitions are among the most salient domain-specific features of gambling disorder. The aims of this study were: (a) to examine and validate a Spanish version of the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS; Raylu & Oei, 2004) and (b) to examine associations between cognitive distortion levels, impulsivity, and gambling behavior.MethodsThis study first recruited a convenience sample of 500 adults who had gambled during the previous year. Participants were assessed using the Spanish version of GRCS (GRCS-S) questionnaire, the UPPS-P impulsivity questionnaire, measures of gambling behavior, and potentially relevant confounders. Robust confirmatory factor analysis methods on half the sample were used to select the best models from a hypothesis-driven set. The best solutions were validated on the other half, and the resulting factors were later correlated with impulsivity dimensions (in the whole n = 500 factor analysis sample) and clinically relevant gambling indices (in a separate convenience sample of 137 disordered and non-disordered gamblers; validity sample).ResultsThis study supports the original five-factor model, suggests an alternative four-factor solution, and confirms the psychometric soundness of the GRCS-S. Importantly, cognitive distortions consistently correlated with affect- or motivation-driven aspects of impulsivity (urgency and sensation seeking), but not with cognitive impulsivity (lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance).Discussion and conclusionsOur findings suggest that the GRCS-S is a valid and reliable instrument to identify gambling cognitions in Spanish samples. Our results expand upon previous research signaling specific associations between gambling-related distortions and affect-driven impulsivity in line with models of motivated reasoning.

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Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS-J)

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Gambling symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive distortions in Japanese university students

Gambling symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive distortions in Japanese university students

Factor structure and validation of the Japanese version of the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (GSAS-J)

The role of affect-driven impulsivity in gambling cognitions: A convenience-sample study with a Spanish version of the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale

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