Development and validation of the Satisfaction With Appearance Scale: Assessing body image among burn-injured patients.

Abstract

SWAP) is a 14-item questionnaire, assessing both the subjective appraisal and social-behavioral components of body image among bum survivors. Burn survivors requiring hospitalization (n = 165} completed a packet of psychometric instruments, including the SWAP at 1-week postdischarge. The SWAP demonstrated a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, r. = .87; the mean interitem correlation, r,, = .32, the mean itemtotal correlation, rit = .53). Eighty-four participants were retested approximately 2 months after the initial assessment to evaluate test-retest reliability (rlt, = .59). A principal-components analysis with a varimax rotation yielded 4 easily interpretable factors accounting for 66% of the total variance. The correlations of die SWAP total score with other selected psychometric measures provided evidence for both convergent and discriminant validity. This initial evaluation of the SWAP suggests that it is both a reliable and valid measure of body image for a burn-injured population.Enduring a severe burn presents a burn survivor with numerous challenges, not the least of which is adjusting to scarring and related changes in his or her appearance (Patterson et al., 1993). To date, most research on the psychological effect of scarring and disfigurement following a severe bum injury has focused on the relationship between burn characteristics (e.g., size and location of burn), demographic characteristics of the burn survivors (e.g., sex and age), and subsequent emotional distress. For example, a number of researchers have emphasized the importance of the distinction between hidden (e.g., back, stomach) or visible (e.g., face) scars. Abdullah et al. (1994) found that children with visible scars from burn injuries reported more body-image disparagement than did children with hidden scars. Similarly, in adult populations, visible scarring has been shown to relate to decreased interaction with nonfamily members (Browne et al., 1985) and to increased withdrawal from activities that emphasize physical appearance (Andreasen & Norris, 1972). Other studies have suggested that alterations in

Psychological Distress After Major Burn Injury

“…Many different aspects of the post burn environment can be distressing at different stages, such as painful dressing changes and aversive physical therapy procedures (4), significant alterations in body image during the rehabilitation period (18), as well as stigmatizing reactions from others (60). It is notable that our inhospital Anxiety or Hyperarousal factors predict long-term distress, given previous work suggesting that poststressor sympathetic activation is a predictor of later PTSD (61,62).…”

“…Body image dissatisfaction appears common in patients with burn injuries (18). Sleep disturbances occur frequently among in-patients with burns, e.g., nightmares in 39% and significant sleep problems in 75% (19)(20)(21).…”

Repairing Tom Swift's Electric Factor Analysis Machine

“…However, these cautions seem to have had rather little impact on methodological choices made in many applications of EFA. Articles published in recent years in respected journals (e.g., Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 1995;Bell-Dolan & Allan, 1998;Brown, Schulberg, & Madonia, 1995;Collinsworth, Strom, & Strom, 1996;Copeland, Brandon, & Quinn, 1995;Dunn, Ryan, & Paolo, 1994;Dyce, 1996;Enns & Reddon, 1998;Flowers & Algozzine, 2000;Gass, Demsky, & Martin, 1998;Kier & Buras, 1999;Kwan, 2000;Lawrence et al, 1998;Osman, Barrios, Aukes, & Osman, 1995;Shiarella, McCarthy, & Tucker, 2000;Yanico & Lu, 2000) continue to follow the Little Jiffy approach in whole or in part, undoubtedly yielding some potentially misleading factor analytic results. Repeated use of less than optimal methods reinforces such use in the future.…”

To Study the Prevalence of Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients to Study the Prevalence of Mental Disorder among Study and in Control Group by Using DSM-IV-TR Criteria Attending Burn Plastic Surgery OPD Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal

“…[36] Finally, clinically significant symptoms of depression were reported by 23% in a US sample [37] and 27% in a British sample [38] at 2 years; and 20% of Greek patients with burn injuries had a depressive disorder at 2years. Malt et al and Patteron et al (62,18) reported that anxiety and depression were the most prevalent disturbances in burn patients at follow-up.It was found that symptoms of depression and anxiety generally occurred together, With prevalence rats between 25% and 65% one yr post burn, and that most symptoms subsided after that period (18) In more recent studies published after 1990, depression prevalence rates vary between 2% (63) and 53% (64) the 1 st month after the burn, and between 13% (65) and 34% (64) at 12 momth post burn.…”