Development and validation of the Hwa-Byung Scale

권정혜,; 김종우,; 박동건,; 이민수,; 민성길,; 권호인,

doi:10.15842/kjcp.2008.27.1.014

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Examples of items included, "I sometimes have a feeling of something pushing up in the chest," "I feel as if the world is unfair to me," "I feel much heat in my chest," and "I feel uk-wool and boon." According to Kwon et al (2008), this scale showed good concurrent validity, as scores were significantly and strongly correlated with scores on the somatization, depression, and anxiety scales. In support of discriminant validity, there were significant differences on hwa-byung scores among individuals who were diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or hwa-byung.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hwa-Byung Symptoms. Hwa-byung symptoms were measured with the 15-item Hwa-Byung Scale (Kwon et al, 2008) that assesses psychological, physical, and behavioral symptoms of hwa-byung. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likerttype scale, ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always), with higher scores indicating greater severity of hwa-byung symptoms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each item is rated on a 5-point Likerttype scale, ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always), with higher scores indicating greater severity of hwa-byung symptoms. Before developing this scale, Kwon et al (2008) generated a list of hwa-byung symptoms and agreed upon 15 hwabyung symptoms that needed to be used for the diagnosis of hwa-byung; some overlapped with depression (e.g., fatigue) and anxiety (e.g., heart palpitation), while others were unique (e.g., subjective anger, heat sensation, flushing of the face and body, and "uk-wool and boon" [a Korean cultural sentiment related to social unfairness]). E. H. reported that the Cronbach's alpha for this scale was .94.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We posted a flyer on those sites that included information regarding the study purpose, study procedure, and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria for participation in the study were (a) identifying as a woman between 40 and 60 years old, and (b) having a score of at least 40 on the Hwa-Byung Scale, which serves as a cutoff score representing a moderate level of hwa-byung (Kwon et al, 2008). For screening purposes, we administered the Hwa-Byung Scale to 57 South Korean middle-aged women who initially contacted us, and only 38 women who met the criteria were invited to participate in the study.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effectiveness of Adlerian Therapy for Hwa-Byung in Middle-Aged South Korean Women

Kim

Seo

Paik

et al. 2020

The Counseling Psychologist

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Middle-aged South Korean women are at greater risk of developing hwa-byung (South Korean anger syndrome) as compared to men and women of other age groups. In this study, we developed and evaluated the effectiveness of a group counseling program informed by Adlerian individual psychology. Outcome measures included hwa-byung symptoms, depression, and anxiety. We used a cohort-controlled design that compared an intervention condition ( n = 22) and a wait-list control group ( n = 16), with a 4-week follow-up. Group comparisons showed statistically significant treatment effects for all three outcome measures, which were maintained at follow-up. Mediational analyses revealed that changes in hwa-byung symptoms and depression were mediated by increased social interest. The findings support the effectiveness of a group Adlerian program for middle-aged South Korean women in alleviating hwa-byung symptoms, depression, and anxiety.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effectiveness of Adlerian Therapy for Hwa-Byung in Middle-Aged South Korean Women

Kim

Seo

Paik

et al. 2020

The Counseling Psychologist

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“…For discriminant validity, Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for the HAS-MW and the Hwa-Byung Scale [28]. Hwa-Byung is a culture-related anger syndrome in Korea.…”

Section: Evaluate the Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of the Happiness Scale for Middle-Aged Women Based on Existence, Relation, and Growth Theory

Shin

Kim

2021

Asian Nursing Research

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This study aimed at developing a happiness assessment scale for middle-aged women (HAS-MW) in Korea. Methods: Preliminary items for the scale were drafted from the results of literature review and personal interviews and open-ended questions with women in the community. The interviews were based on the theory of existence, relatedness, and growth. After validating a preliminary scale, we analyzed the validity and reliability of the new scale items, and model fit. We surveyed 600 women aged 40 years to 64 years for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Valid data were divided into 352 for EFA and 174 for CFA by multiplies of number 1 to 3. Results: Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we extracted four primary factorsdselfvalue, positive thinking, self-care, and family relationshipdand with a total of 24 items for HAS-MW. The fit of the final model was evaluated as good showing c 2 /df ¼ 2.10, goodness of fit index ¼ .80, comparative fit index ¼ .85, root mean square error of approximation ¼ .08, standardized root mean residual ¼ .05. The HAS-MW had a significant positive correlation with the Oxford Happiness scale and showed a significant negative correlation with the Hwa-Byeong Scale. Cronbach's a for the new scale was .91, and the Spearman-Brown half coefficient was .93. The new scale used a five-point Likert scale with higher scores indicating greater happiness. Conclusion:The HAS-MW is a reliable and valid one. It can be used to measure the level of happiness for middle-aged women. In addition, it might be applied to find low women and to evaluate the effect of intervention program related to happiness in woman of middle age.

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Self-Blame and Blaming Others Mediate a Belief in a Just World and Hwa-Byung: a Structural Equation Model

Kim

2017

Int J Adv Counselling

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Development and validation of the Hwa-Byung Scale

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

The Effectiveness of Adlerian Therapy for Hwa-Byung in Middle-Aged South Korean Women

The Effectiveness of Adlerian Therapy for Hwa-Byung in Middle-Aged South Korean Women

Development and Validation of the Happiness Scale for Middle-Aged Women Based on Existence, Relation, and Growth Theory

Self-Blame and Blaming Others Mediate a Belief in a Just World and Hwa-Byung: a Structural Equation Model

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