Development and Validation of Religious Tolerance Scale for Youth

Batool, Mehak; Akram, Bushra

doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00897-5

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Conversely, the openness factor has been negatively related to political conservatism (the ideological belief that opposes—any changes in social structure-, rejects uncertainty, and accepts status inequality Sibley et al, 2012 ), right-wing authoritarianism (adherence toward social norms and aggression toward others who challenged conventional norms; Leone et al, 2012 ; Sibley and Duckitt, 2013 ), dogmatism (unchangeable certainty about the truths of the beliefs of an individual and rejects all other beliefs; Batool and Akram, 2020 ), religious fundamentalism (a belief that there is only one true religion or one method of religious teaching, and views all other religions as evil or destructive; Proctor and McCord, 2009 ; Carlucci et al, 2011 ), and ethnocentrism (negative attitudes toward all groups other than the group of an individual; Hamer et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Openness Facets, Prejudice, and Tolerance: A Scoping Review With Meta-Analysis

Lin

Marsh

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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The personality factor of openness to experience, which encompasses curiosity, imagination, and a desire for new experiences, has been associated negatively with prejudice and positively with the closely related value of tolerance. While these relationships have been reviewed at the factor level, there has been no review of research at the lower facet level. This review aims to uncover the relationships between the facets of openness and the constructs of prejudice and tolerance. We conducted a preregistered scoping review with meta-analysis following the recommended guidelines from Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 2,349 articles were reviewed, with 16 primary research articles (or 17 studies) meeting the criteria for inclusion. Aggregated effect sizes via random-effect meta-analysis revealed that all revised neuroticism-extraversion-openness personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and international personality item pool (IPIP)-based facets of openness significantly predicted prejudice and tolerance. Out of the three measures [i.e., NEO-PI-R, IPIP-NEO, and honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience personality inventory (HEXACO-PI), and the facets of openness examined], the NEO-PI-R facet of value was most strongly associated with prejudice. In contrast, the NEO-PI-R facet of aesthetics was the facet most strongly associated with tolerance. However, these results should be treated as preliminary in light of the small number of meta-analyzed studies and more primary research studies are needed to confirm the trends found in this review. This review represents the first step in the systematic investigation of the link between the facets of openness and components of prejudice and tolerance and contributes toward explaining prejudice and tolerance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Openness Facets, Prejudice, and Tolerance: A Scoping Review With Meta-Analysis

Lin

Marsh

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…Another study in India has proved that the religious tolerance scale between the ages of 18-28 shows a significantly positive correlation to another religious tolerance scale (Batool & Akram, 2020). The study referred to another religious tolerance model from Van der Walt (see.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Religious Tolerance Measurement: Validity Test in Indonesia

Alfariz

Saloom

2021

JP3I

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This study aims to determine the construct validity of items in the religious tolerance scale constructed by Witenberg (2007). There are three aspects or dimensions of religious tolerance used in this scale: fairness, empathy, and reasonableness. This study examines the religious tolerance scale, particularly in Indonesia, using a psychological perspective. The sample is 360 students of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta. The samples use non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. This study uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) method and analyzed by software Lisrel 8.7. The results show that the religious tolerance model has a model fit, and this scale is unidimensional. From 30 items, item 12 of the fairness dimension is not valid.

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“…Religious Tolerance Scale is a 23-item self-report scale developed by Batool and Akram (2019). It measures seven components of religious tolerance named as minimization of religious differences, inclusivity, exclusivity and self-centeredness, openness for change, faith and respect for other religions, religious conviction and recognizing the freedom of others.…”

Section: Religious Tolerance Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Demographics and Religious Tolerance Among Youth: Moderating Role of Education

Akram,

Ain

2024

Pak. J. Psychol. Res

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In this religiously diverse world, for a secure and conflict-free society, religious tolerance is an important phenomenon to prevail. Since youth of a nation serves as a powerful weapon to build a prosperous and peaceful society. The present research work attempted to explore the role of demographic characteristics of youth of Pakistan in religious tolerance. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and data was collected from (N = 1651) young adults with range 18-35 years with the mean of 22.60 including boys (n = 667) and girls (n = 984) of four different cities of Pakistan. A multistage stratified sampling technique was used to collect data. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated the significant and strong roles of attachment to sects and education in determining the religious tolerance of youth. The findings of the present study are helpful for the stakeholders to formulate policies to enhance the religious tolerance and minimize the negative impact of attachment to sect through education which may lead towards a tolerant environment. These findings can be very insightful for psychologists, sociologists, and religious scholars. The above-mentioned stakeholders can arrange seminars, and workshops to highlight the important factors that could lead to religious tolerance.

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Development and Validation of Religious Tolerance Scale for Youth

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Associations Between Openness Facets, Prejudice, and Tolerance: A Scoping Review With Meta-Analysis

Associations Between Openness Facets, Prejudice, and Tolerance: A Scoping Review With Meta-Analysis

Religious Tolerance Measurement: Validity Test in Indonesia

Demographics and Religious Tolerance Among Youth: Moderating Role of Education

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