Development and validation of rapid and cost-effective protocol for estimation of amylose and amylopectin in maize kernels

Reddappa, Shashidhar B.; Chhabra, Rashmi; Talukder, Zahirul A.; Muthusamy, Vignesh; Zunjare, Rajkumar U.; Hossain, Firoz

doi:10.1007/s13205-022-03128-z

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[ 30 ] Recessive ae1 mutants lack SBE2b activity in the endosperm and increases the level of amylose. [ 9 ] Several mutants, viz. ae1.1 ( ae1‐ref ) and ae1.2 ( ae1‐Elmore ), are available in maize and have been reported to exhibit higher amylose accumulation in maize grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimation of Amylose and Amylopectin: Amylose and amylopectin were estimated according to the method described by Reddappa et al [9] Hundred completely dried seeds were milled to form fine powder in "Foss-Scino" miller having a diameter of less than 0.05 mm. Maize flour (100 mg) was treated with 80% ethanol, vortexed, and centrifuged two to three times to remove lipids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] However, genetic studies provide a great opportunity to modify amylose and RS in maize through gene manipulation. [9] The recessive waxy1 (wx1) gene on chromosome-9 significantly reduces amylose to 0%-5%, while the recessive amylose extender1 (ae1) present on chromosome-5 enhances amylose up to ≈50%. [7,20] The amylose content in maize is further enhanced up to 60%-80%, depending on the presence of various modifier loci in the background of ae1 gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 8 ] Additionally, high amylose is preferred in the textiles, gum candies, biodegradable plastic products, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. [ 9 ] High amylose maize genotypes can be identified based on their kernel phenotypic characteristics, which include a more translucent and glassier appearance compared to normal maize kernels due to their higher amylose content which affects the structure and texture of the kernel. These kernels have a harder and more vitreous texture, which is indicative of their higher amylose content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Analysis of Accumulation of Amylose and Resistant Starch in Subtropical Maize Hybrids

Reddappa,

Zunjare,

Muthusamy

et al. 2024

Starch Stärke

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Amylose and resistant starch (RS) possess numerous industrial applications and health benefits. However, maize grains possess low amylose (<35%) and RS (<5%). To date, no information is available on the genetic variability of amylose and RS in subtropical maize. Here, 21 hybrids developed using half‐diallel mating design are evaluated for starch parameters at three locations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a minor contribution for environments for amylose and RS. Amylose (22.2%–49.1%) and RS (1.02%–23.9%) showed wide variation among the hybrids. The experimental hybrids possessed significantly higher amylose (38.1%) and RS (20.9%) over the check hybrids (amylose: 29.1%, RS: 2.3%). PUSA‐AML‐H12, PUSA‐AML‐H18, and PUSA‐AML‐H16 are observed to be the most promising hybrids. Amylose and RS are positively correlated (r = 0.45), while total starch (TS) is negatively correlated with RS (r = −0.53). PMI‐AML‐147, PMI‐AML‐149, and PMI‐AML‐146 are the best general combiners for amylose and RS. Pusa‐AML‐H1, Pusa‐AML‐H12, and Pusa‐AML‐H5 emerged as the best specific combiners for amylose and RS. Both additive and nonadditive variances are important for amylose and RS. This is the first study of amylose and RS in a subtropical maize background, which could be significant in improving amylose and RS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Analysis of Accumulation of Amylose and Resistant Starch in Subtropical Maize Hybrids

Reddappa,

Zunjare,

Muthusamy

et al. 2024

Starch Stärke

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“…Amylopectin contents were determined by subtracting the amylose contents from the total of 100 mg starch analysed (Reddappa et al, 2022;Sowbhagya and Bhattacharya, 1971). The reagents used include acetic acid, which functions in the breaking of starch granules, and iodine that gives colour to the solution.…”

Section: Determination Of the Amylose And Amylopectin Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical properties of tablet dosage form based on pre-gelatinized- and phosphorylated-modified starches from white-water yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

Sulastri,

Yusriadi,

Ma’rifa

et al. 2024

European Pharmaceutical Journal

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Background White-water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is one of the potential sources of starch; however, it is not yet available for commercial purposes. Besides, native white-water yam starch (WS) presents limited functionality due to poor flowability, mechanical properties and instability at high temperature and acidic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to modify the starch to improve its characteristics and make it useful as an excipient for the preparation of the tablets. Materials and methods The modification of WS was achieved by physical and chemical treatments, specifically pre-gelatinization and phosphorylation, respectively. Pre-gelatinization WS involves heating, meanwhile phosphorylation WS is obtained by treating WS with sodium tripolyphosphate. Results The results showed that the powder of the modified WS has good characteristics which improved the flowability of the powder mixture as a granule based on density, porosity, compressibility index and swelling power determination. The WS granules were found to display the oval or irregular (polygonal) shape with the amylose content 11.92±0.61% for unmodified WS, 10.41±0.90% for pre-gelatinized WS and 12.61±1.75% for phosphorylated WS. Furthermore, the granule was formulated as an excipient in tablet preparations, and the formulas were compressed after wet granulation. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using uniformity of mass and size, hardness, friability and disintegration time. WS modification affects the hardness of tablets when used as a binder. Phosphorylated WS is recommended to be used as a binder in wet granulation formulations because it produces tablets with a longer disintegration time, which means better binding ability. However, the utilization of modified WS with both pre-gelatinization and phosphorylation leads to tablets with low brittleness compared to others with unmodified binder with the disintegration time still met the requirement of fast disintegrating tablet (<15 minutes). Conclusion All the physical properties studied indicated that the modified WS is a promising pharmaceutical excipient in tablets.

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Characterization of Sub‐Tropically Adapted Maize Breeding Lines for Loci Governing Kernel Amylose and Resistant Starch

Reddappa,

Chhabra,

Muthusamy

et al. 2024

Starch Stärke

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Amylose and resistant starch (RS) possess diverse health benefits besides serving as an important component in the starch industry. This study analyzed 48 subtropically‐adapted maize inbreds at multiple locations and characterized for specific starch genes using markers specific to SNPs. Significant variation for amylose (0.3–66.4%), RS (1.8–38.0%), and total starch (65.5–75.1%) is observed. Amylose showed a positive correlation with RS (r = 0.79**). Molecular analysis using 29 markers produced 40 alleles with an average major allele frequency of 0.84. Gene diversity, polymorphism information content (PIC), and genetic dissimilarity are 0.23, 0.19, and 0.33, respectively. The genotypes are categorized into six major clusters based on the markers, and high amylose and RS lines are assigned to cluster‐A and cluster‐B. The alleles associated with Sbe2b (84 bp Del) and Sbe1a (SNP “A”) showed positive correlations with amylose and RS. Additionally, allele “A” linked to the Sucrose transporter6 (Sut6) displayed a positive correlation with RS. Considering Sbe2b, Sbe1a and Sut6 genes, six haplotypes are observed, of these, hap‐A possessed the highest amylose and RS. The promising inbreds can be used as donors, while the validated markers for Sbe2b, Sbe1a and Sut6 genes can be effectively utilized for the improvement of amylose and RS through molecular breeding.

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Development and validation of rapid and cost-effective protocol for estimation of amylose and amylopectin in maize kernels

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic Analysis of Accumulation of Amylose and Resistant Starch in Subtropical Maize Hybrids

Genetic Analysis of Accumulation of Amylose and Resistant Starch in Subtropical Maize Hybrids

Physicochemical properties of tablet dosage form based on pre-gelatinized- and phosphorylated-modified starches from white-water yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

Characterization of Sub‐Tropically Adapted Maize Breeding Lines for Loci Governing Kernel Amylose and Resistant Starch

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