Development and validation of an instrument to measure professional self-perception and job satisfaction of Portuguese community pharmacists

Abstract

Focal points □ A questionnaire was developed to assess job satisfaction and professionalism, and sent to a stratified randomised sample of Portuguese community pharmacists □ The ratio of male to female between owner and employee groups was roughly equal, indicating little sex bias between these groups □ Job satisfaction and career satisfaction items could not be differentiated in the sample □ Combined job and career satisfaction scores showed significant differences between male and female pharmacy owners and employees, with the female pharmacy owner group showing the highest job and career satisfaction score

Development and evaluation of the pharmacy alumni employment experience questionnaire

“…Despite the fact that this domain had originally a good Cronbach's alpha score (i.e., α= 0.80), it was the lowest among the three domains, with item reduction resulting in an unsatisfactory score (0.63). Cronbach's alpha score for this domain was also lower than that reported for the single combined job and career satisfaction construct (α= 0.84) in Cavaco and authors instrument (Cavaco et al, 2001). The literature argues that the number of items on a scale, and insufficient inter-relatedness between items might result in lower scores of Cronbach's alpha (Cortina, 1993;Tavakol & Dennick, 2011).…”

“…The second comprises an overall satisfaction scale with no reference to specific features of the work (a facet-free item) (Korsakienė, Tvaronavičius, & Tvaronavičienė, 2006). The job satisfaction of pharmacy professionals has been previously investigated using validated questionnaires, but they were either biased toward a specific work setting or nature (Willett & Cooper, 1996;Cavaco et al, 2001), lengthy, unwieldy, and costly (Rajah et al, 2001), or they were focused on examining job satisfaction concerning a specific factor (e.g., stress) (Willett & Cooper, 1996). Moreover, questionnaires not originally developed for healthcare professions have been used (Seston et al, 2009), which restricted the exploration of important facets specific to the job characteristics of pharmacy professionals and, hence, limited the comprehensive understanding of their job satisfaction (Seston et al, 2009).…”