Development and Validation of an Instrument Measuring Cyberbullying Among Malaysian Youths

Abstract

This study sought to develop and validate an instrument measuring cyberbullying among Malaysian youths. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to determine the best sub-factors and items for the instrument, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test and validate the measurement model. Results from EFA on 38 items showed that the items were pooled into four sub-factors. Meanwhile, results from CFA indicated that eight items had to be discarded in order to confirm that the model was fit. Overall, the final version of the instrument consisted of four cyberbullying sub-factors, namely, impersonation (13 items), cyberstalking and harassment (nine items), flaming (four items), and elimination (four items). 
 
 Keywords: Instrument development; Youths; Cyberbullying; Youth development

Factors influencing negative cyber-bystander behavior: A systematic literature review

“…Given the multifaceted nature of cyberaggression and the need to improve general understanding and intervention efforts associated with it, researchers from various fields have investigated the phenomenon from a variety of angles. These include identifying risk factors associated with cyber-aggressors ( 8 , 10 , 13 ), building standardizable research instruments [e.g.,: ( 11 , 14 , 15 )], studying the efficacy of intervention strategies ( 16 , 17 ), improving detection of aggression online ( 18 – 20 ), and more recently, cyber-bystander behavior, among others. The improved understanding of the role of cyber-bystanders in an incident of cyber-aggression has assisted in improving the understanding of the unique mechanism of cyber-aggression, and subsequently, the way it is defined, as well as the way intervention efforts are approached.…”