Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Parental Attitude and Health Beliefs Toward Sexuality Education

Abstract

The quality of sexuality education is significant in encouraging and expanding the knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Parents’ attitudes and beliefs toward sexuality education contribute to the effectiveness of sexuality education in schools. Consequently, there is a need to provide a validated instrument to investigate parental attitude and beliefs toward school-based sexuality education. The objective of this study is to describe the development and test the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures the attitudes and beliefs of parents toward the implementation of sexuality education in primary schools within Malaysia. Items for the instrument in this study were developed through literature review via the deduction method. Data collection was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved 174 parents with children who were attending primary schools through convenience sampling. Then, the multistage sampling method was employed to collect data from 350 parents. Results from the exploratory factor analysis have identified four latent dimensions, which are attitude toward sexuality education, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy, that support the SRH learning among primary school children. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrates a good overall fit with the application of post hoc modifications. The results also indicate that the instrument has high internal consistency, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. Findings from this study have indicated that the instrument can be used as a valid and reliable measure to examine the attitudes and beliefs of parents toward sexuality education in primary schools within Malaysia.

How Comprehensive Sexuality Education is Implemented and Perceived in Malaysia: A Systematic Review

“…This review aims to examine the perceptions of parents, educators, and higher education students regarding the integration of SE into Malaysian classrooms. Eisenberg et al ( 2008); Eisenberg et al (2012); Sham et al (2020); Yeo and Lee (2023) stress the importance of parents as key stakeholders in health and education policy affecting children, hence their views and opinions towards SE need to be taken into account to secure their support. The results of this review demonstrate that all parents acknowledged their limited exposure to sex education during their upbringing, and most participants had little knowledge about SE.…”