Development and validation of an open-source four-pole electrical conductivity, temperature, depth sensor for in situ water quality monitoring in an estuary

Lauer, J. W.; Klinger, Piper; O'Shea, Scott; Lee, Se-Yeun

doi:10.1007/s10661-022-10493-y

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Existing literature review confirms the existence of different measurement platforms [7,8], ranging from remote equipment to instruments assembled in observatory systems for in situ measurements [9,10]. Depending on the need to obtain data from a particular type of marine environment, namely, deep sea/oceans, lakes, estuaries, inland rivers, and temporal resolution (time-frequency matching of the dynamics of measured parametric quantity), different observatory platforms were developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observatories can be surface buoy [11], Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) [12,13], Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) [14,15], or observatories in onboard ocean vessels [16]. There are examples of platforms for measuring and monitoring water quality parameters using open-source hardware and software [10,17,18]. The way forward to address the challenge of cleaning and rejuvenating the health of river and lake ecosystems is to design an in situ river/water monitoring observatory that can provide real-time data [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and development of a continuous water quality monitoring buoy for health monitoring of river Ganga

Shukla,

Matharu,

Bhattacharya

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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Real-time monitoring of water quality in the river Ganga and other Indian rivers is crucial to determining its suitability for drinking and other usages across the seasons and round the clock. For this, a structurally strong and hydrostatically stable floating observation centre is required for housing all the sensors and related equipment. This paper explains the design process for such a buoy platform that can house an array of water quality sensors powered by hybrid energy harvesting systems. Sensors are connected to a wireless sensor network (WSN) system that transfers data to a web-based platform, where we can monitor and analyse our data for the purpose of hazard prediction. Computational analysis has been carried out for the observatory body to ascertain its structural integrity and hydrostatic stability at small and large angles of inclination. The buoy design is based on various requirements specific to Indian rivers at different locations from the mid-course till the confluence. It is important that the system be modular and portable for use in a constantly changing river/water environment. A full-scale functional prototype has been developed and field testing has been carried out to bring out the efficacy of the proposed system. Also, the WSN system collected real-time water quality data have been validated with laboratory-based experiments. The establishment of a network of low-cost river/water health monitoring system will further initiate the large-scale data collection and help creating digital twins of the Indian rivers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and development of a continuous water quality monitoring buoy for health monitoring of river Ganga

Shukla,

Matharu,

Bhattacharya

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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Highly Biocompatible Graphite Electrodes by Using Interface‐Stable Coating and the Application to Hemodialysis

Xu,

Guo

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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In the treatment of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN), prolonged contact between conductivity sensors and patients' bodily fluids is required, necessitating high biocompatibility for the electrodes. However, the widely used graphite electrodes exhibit limited biocompatibility, showing a cell survival rate of only 88% under indirect contact conditions, and <56% under direct contact conditions. Here, the surface detachment of graphite electrodes in liquid environments leading to cell death upon contact is observed and a solution is proposed to enhance biocompatibility and ensure conductivity, by forming a layer of interface‐stable coating (ISC) as a conductive isolation membrane on their surface. For applications with contact requirements, graphite‐like carbon (GLC) coated graphite electrodes are investigated and developed, resulting in an exceptional cell survival rate exceeding 96% under indirect contact conditions, and a relatively high survival rate exceeding 91% under direct contact conditions, both accompanied by significant proliferation. GLC‐coated graphite electrodes are successfully to monitor the dialysate conductivity in a hemodialysis machine and achieve stable monitoring with temperature compensation. The results demonstrate ISC graphite electrodes' potential in biomedical fluid monitoring, with the developed process applicable to other fields.

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Microbial and potentially toxic elements risk assessment in high Andean river water based on Monte Carlo simulation, Peru

Custodio,

Peñaloza,

Ochoa

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The study evaluated microbial and Potentially Toxic Elements—PTEs risks in high Andean river water in Peru using Monte Carlo simulation. A total of 144 water samples were collected from four rivers and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, PTEs and bacterial pathogens. The microbial risk analysis for exposure to pathogens present in the water was based on the probability of occurrence of diseases associated with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococci. PTEs risk analysis was performed using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The results showed that the highest microbial risk due to exposure to water contaminated by E. coli, P. aeruginosa and enterococci was recorded in the Miraflores and Chia rivers. Meanwhile, the analysis of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk by PTEs in adults and children revealed that the Chia river presents a high risk of contamination by PTEs, especially the carcinogenic risk for children. The Monte Carlo simulation indicated a 56.16% and 94.85% probability of exceeding the limit value of 0.0001 for carcinogenic risk in adults and children, respectively. It can be concluded that children consuming the waters of the Chia river are potentially at risk of As toxicity.

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Development and validation of an open-source four-pole electrical conductivity, temperature, depth sensor for in situ water quality monitoring in an estuary

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Design and development of a continuous water quality monitoring buoy for health monitoring of river Ganga

Design and development of a continuous water quality monitoring buoy for health monitoring of river Ganga

Highly Biocompatible Graphite Electrodes by Using Interface‐Stable Coating and the Application to Hemodialysis

Microbial and potentially toxic elements risk assessment in high Andean river water based on Monte Carlo simulation, Peru

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