Development and validation of a numerical model of the swine head subjected to open-field blasts

Kalra, Anil; Zhu, Feng; Ke, Feng; Saif, Tal; Kallakuri, Srinivasu; Jin, Xin; Yang, King H.; King, Albert I.

doi:10.1007/s00193-017-0760-6

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, we observed phase-shift discrepancies of 24 and 5% for ICP 1 and ICP 2, respectively, when compared to the experimental results. We could not compare these discrepancies with other studies because such differences have not been previously reported (Zhu et al, 2013b;Kalra et al, 2017). The model also predicted the formation of the second peak (t 1.08 ms) observed in the experiments for ICP 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In this case, experiments to identify potential brain injuries, or changes in the concentration of putative protein brain markers induced by a blast exposure, often involve the use of animal models, such as rats, mice, and minipigs, exposed to blast waves in a laboratory shock tube (Bauman et al, 2009;Sajja et al, 2015;Arun et al, 2020). In contrast, the prediction of the resulting biomechanical responses throughout the animal brain often involves the development of three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element (FE) mathematical models (Zhu et al, 2013b;Kalra et al, 2017;Unnikrishnan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a high-fidelity model does not exist for pigs, and it is needed because before using scaling laws to infer brain injuries in humans, we should first validate them between two species, which requires exposing animals to blast waves to observe brain injuries and the ability to accurately predict the associated biomechanical responses. Zhu et al (2013b) and Kalra et al (2017) have separately developed FE models to predict the biomechanical responses of blast exposure to a pig's head. However, their models do not include soft tissues around the skull, which influence how the blast wave interacts with the head and loads the brain, nor do they represent the cerebral vasculature, which is known to increase brain stiffness (Zhu et al, 2013b;Kalra et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhu et al (2013b) and Kalra et al (2017) have separately developed FE models to predict the biomechanical responses of blast exposure to a pig's head. However, their models do not include soft tissues around the skull, which influence how the blast wave interacts with the head and loads the brain, nor do they represent the cerebral vasculature, which is known to increase brain stiffness (Zhu et al, 2013b;Kalra et al, 2017). In addition, they modeled the brain as an elastic, linearviscoelastic material, whereas high-strain-rate experiments performed on pig brain-tissue samples showed that a hyperelastic, linear-viscoelastic material model is necessary to capture the brain's nonlinear behavior (Rashid et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 3-D Finite-Element Minipig Model to Assess Brain Biomechanical Responses to Blast Exposure

Sundaramurthy

Kote

Pearson

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Despite years of research, it is still unknown whether the interaction of explosion-induced blast waves with the head causes injury to the human brain. One way to fill this gap is to use animal models to establish “scaling laws” that project observed brain injuries in animals to humans. This requires laboratory experiments and high-fidelity mathematical models of the animal head to establish correlates between experimentally observed blast-induced brain injuries and model-predicted biomechanical responses. To this end, we performed laboratory experiments on Göttingen minipigs to develop and validate a three-dimensional (3-D) high-fidelity finite-element (FE) model of the minipig head. First, we performed laboratory experiments on Göttingen minipigs to obtain the geometry of the cerebral vasculature network and to characterize brain-tissue and vasculature material properties in response to high strain rates typical of blast exposures. Next, we used the detailed cerebral vasculature information and species-specific brain tissue and vasculature material properties to develop the 3-D high-fidelity FE model of the minipig head. Then, to validate the model predictions, we performed laboratory shock-tube experiments, where we exposed Göttingen minipigs to a blast overpressure of 210 kPa in a laboratory shock tube and compared brain pressures at two locations. We observed a good agreement between the model-predicted pressures and the experimental measurements, with differences in maximum pressure of less than 6%. Finally, to evaluate the influence of the cerebral vascular network on the biomechanical predictions, we performed simulations where we compared results of FE models with and without the vasculature. As expected, incorporation of the vasculature decreased brain strain but did not affect the predictions of brain pressure. However, we observed that inclusion of the cerebral vasculature in the model changed the strain distribution by as much as 100% in regions near the interface between the vasculature and the brain tissue, suggesting that the vasculature does not merely decrease the strain but causes drastic redistributions. This work will help establish correlates between observed brain injuries and predicted biomechanical responses in minipigs and facilitate the creation of scaling laws to infer potential injuries in the human brain due to exposure to blast waves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A 3-D Finite-Element Minipig Model to Assess Brain Biomechanical Responses to Blast Exposure

Sundaramurthy

Kote

Pearson

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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show abstract

“…Kalra et al [60] used a finite element model to investigate open-field blast loading on a pig head model. The numerical model was compared to experimental data with a focus on the intracranial pressure histories at corresponding points.…”

Section: Content Overview Of Part 1: Modelling and Occupational Blastmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the prospective contributions of the shock physics community to outstanding issues concerning blast-induced traumatic brain injury

Ouellet

Petel

2017

Shock Waves

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Modelling of the Brain for Injury Simulation and Prevention

Yang

Mao

2019

Biomechanics of the Brain

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Development and validation of a numerical model of the swine head subjected to open-field blasts

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

A 3-D Finite-Element Minipig Model to Assess Brain Biomechanical Responses to Blast Exposure

A 3-D Finite-Element Minipig Model to Assess Brain Biomechanical Responses to Blast Exposure

On the prospective contributions of the shock physics community to outstanding issues concerning blast-induced traumatic brain injury

Modelling of the Brain for Injury Simulation and Prevention

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