Development and validation of a new method for the simultaneous determination of spinetoram J and L in honey from different botanical origins employing solid-phase extraction with a polymeric sorbent and liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Determination of acaricides in honeys from different botanical origins by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

“…A combination of these solvents was previously employed in sample treatment proposed by Lazarus et al (2021), yet in the present study a large amount of both solvents (200 mL) was used. As a result of the experience of our research group and previous studies (Valverde et al, 2018;Ruiz et al, 2020), our optimization process began with our decision to use 5 g of honey. This was dissolved in 10 mL of water, after 1 min of shaking time (vortex) and 3 min in an ultrasound bath at 27 ºC, 10 mL of solvent, and 10 min of agitation in a vibromatic mechanical shaker.…”

“…The results showed only a slight decrease in the recovery percentages for some of the compounds, but these were always above 80% (see Supplementary Material, Table 6S); consequently, 0.5 mL was selected as the amount of reconstitution solution. Once the optimal conditions had been selected for the solvent extraction procedure for the three different honeys, we decided to check the suitability of different SPE sorbents (Strata ® X; Strata ® C18-E; Florisil ® , and Oasis TM HLB, which were successfully employed in previous studies: Kamel et al, 2006;Rafique et al, 2018;Ruiz et al, 2020;Shamsipur et al, 2016;Valverde et al, 2018) for reducing the matrix effect that affected 𝛼-endosulfan in heather honeys. Thus, different SPE cartridges, some of which had proven to be useful in previous studies were evaluated.…”

“…To sum up, two solvent extraction procedures were selected in accordance with the color and botanical origin of the honeys; this is connected with the fact that honey composition is closely related to its color (Kaczmarek, Muzolf-Panek, Tomaszewska-Gras, & Konieczny, 2019;Ruiz et al, 2020). These can be considered promising and represent an alternative to existing extraction methods, since both are among the fastest, simplest, and among the greenest of those that have been used (see Supplementary Material, Table 1S).…”

“…In addition, in only one study (Zheng et al, 2018) the LC-MS/MS based-method was validated for honeys of different botanical origins, although the final conditions were the same for all the honeys studied and a matrix effect was observed. This is quite an important issue, as we have previously demonstrated with other pesticides that the different physicochemical characteristics of the honey depending on its botanical origin meant that different sample treatments had to be applied (Valverde et al, 2018;Ruiz, Ares, Valverde, Martín, & Bernal, 2020).…”

Extraction and determination of flubendiamide insecticide in food samples: A review

“…As expected, SPE has been shown to clean up sample extracts in residue analysis procedures for FBD. Several adsorbents have been applied to clean-up FBD in sample extracts by SPE such as primary secondary amine (PSA) ( Paramasivam and Banerjee, 2011 ; Mukherjee et al, 2012 ; Chen et al, 2015 ; Słowik-Borowiec and Szpyrka, 2018 ; Sharma et al, 2019 ; Park et al, 2021 ; Reddy et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ), activated charcoal ( Sahoo et al, 2009 ; Sharma et al, 2018 ; Takkar et al, 2012 ; Sharma and Parihar, 2013 ), C18 ( Abbas et al, 2017 ; Ares et al, 2017 ; Kabir et al, 2018 ; Kralj et al, 2018 ; Sherma and Rabel, 2018 ; Huh et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Sharma et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021 ), silica gel ( Kabir et al, 2018 ; Sherma and Rabel, 2018 ; Ma et al, 2021 ; Souza et al, 2017 ), Florsil ( Hwang et al, 2018 ; Malhat et al, 2018 ; Słowik-Borowiec and Szpyrka, 2018 ;; Lee et al, 2019 ; Ruiz et al, 2020 ; Kim et al, 2021 ), graphitized carbon black (GCB) ( Lee et al, 2018 ; Słowik-Borowiec and Szpyrka, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). And hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) ( Ballesteros and Ramos-Martos, 2010 ; Abbas et al, 2017 ; Casado et al, 2018 ; Hou et al, 2019 ; Lu et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Jiafeng et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2021 ).…”