Development and validation of a parametric child anthropomorphic test device model representing 6–12-year-old children

Wu, Jun; Hu, Jingwen; Reed, Matthew P.; Klinich, Kathleen D.; Cao, Liqun

doi:10.1080/13588265.2012.703474

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A total of 12 sled tests previously performed at UMTRI (Klinich et al 2012) were used to validate the models developed in the current study. A crash pulse with a delta-V of 30 mph following Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 213 crash pulse corridor was used in all tests.…”

Section: Model Validation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitivity analyses and design optimizations conducted using this model have resulted in a better understanding of optimal rear seat restraint designs for older children (Hu et al 2012). In general, lower and more rearward D-rings (upper belt anchorages), higher and moreforward lap belt anchorages, and shorter, stiffer, and thinner seat cushions were associated with improved restraint performance for protecting these children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latest recommendations by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the American Academy of Pediatrics also suggest that many children aged 8 to 12 should be using boosters, but their usage rates have not been tracked. Our recent research on occupant protection in rear seats has focused on improving protection of children who are using the vehicle belt without a booster (Hu et al 2011(Hu et al , 2012Klinich et al 2010Klinich et al , 2011Reed et al 2005Reed et al , 2006Reed et al , 2008. Belt anchorage locations for the rear seat vary widely and most rear seats are too long for most children ages 4 to 12 (Huang and Reed 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Wu et al (2012) developed and validated a scalable Hybrid III (HIII) child anthropometric test device (ATD) computer model capable of simulating crash responses for 6-to 12-year-old children. Sensitivity analyses and design optimizations conducted using this model have resulted in a better understanding of optimal rear seat restraint designs for older children (Hu et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess the possible impact of these changes, a series of 12 sled tests were conducted at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) (Klinich et al 2012) using a Hybrid III 50th percentile male ATD and a 12-month-old child restraint/air bag interaction (CRABI) dummy seated in a Graco SnugRide rear-facing (RF) child restraint system (CRS). In those tests, the vehicle seats and belt geometry optimized for 6-year-old children were compared to other restraint configurations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Rear Seat Environment for Older Children, Adults, and Infants

Klinich

et al. 2013

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: Our recent rear seat safety research found that more-forward and higher lap belt anchorage locations and much shorter and stiffer seat cushions can improve the protection of older children from 6 to 12 years old who are using the vehicle belt without a booster. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the optimal rear seat restraint systems for adults and infants are consistent with those for older children.Methods: We conducted sensitivity analyses and design optimizations for adults and for infants in a rear-facing child restraint system (CRS) using a set of MADYMO models, an automated simulation framework, and occupant belt-fit and posture prediction models from our previous studies. A series of 12 sled tests was also used to validate the computational models.Results: The optimal belt anchorage locations and the seat cushion length for older children, adults, and rear-facing CRS-seated infants conflict with each other. In particular, more-forward lap belt anchorage locations that prevent submarining for older children would reduce the protection to both adults and CRS-seated infants, although the protection is still acceptable based on regulated injury criteria. A shorter seat cushion could provide optimal protection to older children and adults but would significantly increase the CRS rotation.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that adaptive/adjustable restraint systems are necessary to simultaneously improve the rear seat occupant protection for all age groups.

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Section: Model Validation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%