Development and validation of a rapid RP‐HPLC method for analysis of (−)‐copalic acid in copaíba oleoresin

Abstract

The Copaifera species (Leguminoseae) are popularly known as 'copaíba' or 'copaíva' and are grown in the states of Amazonas, Pará and Ceará in northern Brazil. The oleoresins obtained from these species have been extensively used owing to their pharmacological potential and their application in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. In the present study, the development and validation of a novel, rapid and efficient RP-HPLC methodology for the analysis of the diterpene (-)-copalic acid (CA), pointed out as the only chemical marker of the Copaifera genus, are described. The regression equation (Y = 26,707x - 29,498) was obtained with good linearity (r(2) = 0.9993) and the limits of quantification and detection were 9.182 and 3.032 µg/mL, respectively. The precision and the accuracy of the method were adequate (lower than 4%). Finally, the validation parameters evaluated were satisfactorily met, so the developed method represents a suitable tool for application in the quality control of such natural products. Further studies aiming to develop analytical methodologies for each Copaifera species using a more representative number of chemical markers should be performed.

Use of spinning band distillation equipment for fractionation of volatile compounds ofCopaiferaoleoresins for developing a validated gas chromatographic method and evaluating antimicrobial activity

“…Copaifera oleoresin is one of the most frequently used natural resources in Brazilian folk medicine, mainly in the north region, where there are several cooperatives responsible for the commercialization of these oils (Souza et al, ). A major problem involving the quality of these oils is adulteration, since these cooperatives do not have the resources for chemical analysis (da Silva et al, ).…”

Immunomodulatory action of Copaifera spp oleoresins on cytokine production by human monocytes

“…The identified compounds in our oleoresins were ent-agathic-15-methyl ester (1), ent-agathic acid (2), ent-3b-copalic acid (3), ent-copalic acid (4), ent-3b-acetoxy copalic acid (5), ent-polyalthic acid (6), 3-(methyl)-5-(2,2,6-trimethyl-6-hydroxy-1-cyclohexyl)-pentanoic acid (7). It is interesting to note that compounds 1 and 6 occured in C. duckey and C. reticulata, compound 2 occured in C. duckey and C. multijuga and compound 4 occured in C. multijuga Fig.…”

“…The oleoresin has been extensively used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, antioxidant, antihelmintic, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antitetanus and as urinary antiseptic agent, among other applications [3,4,7]. Several researchers have investigated Cofaifera spp biological properties, such as wound healing, antibacterial, chemopreventive, to prevent Copaifera spp oleoresins have been used in folk medicine for centuries; nevertheless, its immunomodulatory action has not been investigated.…”

“…Although Copaifera oleoresins are largely marketed in Brazil and exported abroad for pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations such as shampoos, soaps and bathing foams [5][6][7], the morphological differentiation between these species is not easy and may frequently lead to the collection of oleoresins with different chemical composition.…”

Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of copaiba oil: implications on product quality control

“…A slightly modifi ed method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Souza et al, 2013) was successfully transferred to UPLC with aid of ACQUITY UPLC ® Columns calculator (Waters, Milford, CA, USA). Separations were carried out on a Hypersyl Gold C18 column (1.9 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm; Themo Scientifi c, USA).…”