Development and validation of a new questionnaire to measure mistreatment of women during childbirth, satisfaction of care, and perceived quality of care

Dwekat, Ibtesam Medhat Mohamad; Ismail, Tengku Alina Tengku; Ibrahim, Mohd Ismail; Ghrayeb, Farid; Hanafi, Wan Soliha Wan Mohd; Ghazali, Anis Kausar

doi:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103076

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The quantitative survey included questions adapted from existing surveys, including the Protecting the Next Generation questionnaire, Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya, the Global Early Adolescent Study and the community-based survey component of the WHO multicountry study ‘How women are treated during facility-based childbirth’. Originally designed to measure the mistreatment of women during childbirth in four countries (Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria), the WHO tool contains questions that examine birth experiences in public facilities, including experiences of physical and verbal abuse, stigma and discrimination, lack of privacy, detainment, neglect and abandonment during childbirth 19. This analysis focused on responses to the questions adapted from the community-based survey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen questions were used to examine verbal abuse while seven questions were used to measure stigma and discrimination (see details in online supplemental table 1). All questions were previously validated 19. Overall satisfaction was measured using one question asking participants to strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with a statement indicating they were satisfied with the services received during their stay at the health facility.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescents’ experience of mistreatment and abuse during childbirth: a cross-sectional community survey in a low-income informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

Ajayi,

Gebrekristos,

Otukpa

et al. 2023

BMJ Glob Health

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BackgroundAdolescent girls in Africa have poorer maternal health outcomes than older women partly because they are less likely to access antenatal and facility-based delivery care. Mistreatment and abuse of adolescents during facility-based childbirth can further negatively impact their use of maternal healthcare services. Yet studies on this topic are limited. As a result, patterns of mistreatment and abuse, their association with care satisfaction, and the intention to use health facilities for future births or recommend facilities to others are poorly understood. This study estimates the prevalence of mistreatment and abuse of adolescent girls during facility-based childbirth in low-income settlements in an urban area. It also examines whether experiencing mistreatment and abuse during facility-based childbirth is associated with care satisfaction, willingness to recommend the facility to others, and intention to use the facility for subsequent childbirths.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data collected from 491 adolescent mothers recruited through a household listing in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Girls self-reported their experience of physical and verbal abuse, stigma and discrimination, lack of privacy, detainment (baby or mother detained in the clinic due to inability to pay user fees), neglect and abandonment during childbirth. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the categorical variables while binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between experience of mistreatment and abuse and care satisfaction, willingness to recommend the facility to others and intention to use the facility for subsequent childbirths.ResultsAbout one-third of adolescent mothers (32.2%) reported physical abuse, verbal abuse or stigma and discrimination from health providers. 1 in 10 reported neglect and abandonment during childbirth, and about a quarter (24%) reported a lack of privacy. Detainment was reported by approximately 17% of girls. Report of any physical abuse, verbal abuse, and stigma and discrimination was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of satisfaction with care (Adjusted Odds ration (AOR) 0.24; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.38), intention to use the facility for future births (AOR 0.32; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.48) and willingness to recommend the facility to others (AOR 0.23; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.36). Neglect and abandonment during childbirth, and lack of privacy were significantly associated with lower odds of being satisfied with the care, intention to use the facility for future births, and the willingness to recommend the facility to others. Experience of detention was associated with a lower likelihood of intention to use the facility for future births (AOR 0.55; 95% CI 0.34 to 90), but not with the willingness to recommend the facility to others or overall satisfaction with care.ConclusionsMistreatment and abuse of adolescent girls during childbirth are common in the study setting and are associated with lower levels of satisfaction with care, intention to use the facility for future births, or recommend it to others. Preservice and in-service training of health workers in the study setting should address the need for respectful care for adolescents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ experience of mistreatment and abuse during childbirth: a cross-sectional community survey in a low-income informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

Ajayi,

Gebrekristos,

Otukpa

et al. 2023

BMJ Glob Health

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“…A pretested self-administered mistreatment during childbirth questionnaire, developed in the Arabic language and validated among women during their first 16 weeks postpartum in West Bank, Palestine, was developed through the qualitative study and used for the purpose of measuring the experience of mistreatment of women during childbirth, the mistreatment types, and its associated factors [ 29 ]. The questionnaire development was based on a literature review and findings from a qualitative study, while the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by considering content validity, face validity, and factor analysis [ 29 , 30 ]. The domains of the questionnaire utilized to fulfill the study objectives were socio-demographic, obstetric, and childbirth history (18 items), as well as the woman’s experience of mistreatment during childbirth (43 items).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexual abuse was not included in this domain due to the sensitivity of the subject among the Palestinian community. Furthermore, this type of mistreatment was not expressed by the respondents of the qualitative study during the development of the questionnaire [ 29 , 30 ]. For more detailes about the questionnaire items and domains, please see File S1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth and Associated Factors in Northern West Bank, Palestine

Dwekat

Ismail

Ibrahim

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Mistreatment of women during childbirth is a clear breach of women’s rights during childbirth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of mistreatment of women during childbirth in the north of West Bank, Palestine. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 269 women within the first 16 weeks of their last vaginal childbirth to understand the childbirth events by using proportionate stratified random sampling. An Arabic valid questionnaire was used as a study instrument. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with each type of mistreatment. The mean age of the women was 26.5 (SD 4.77) years. The overall prevalence of mistreatment was 97.8%. There were six types of mistreatment. Nine factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of one or more types of mistreatment. Delivery at a public childbirth facility was associated with all of the six types (aAdjOR: 2.17–16.77; p-values < 0.001–0.013). Women who lived in villages (aAdjOR 2.33; p-value = 0.047), had low education (aAdjOR 5.09; p-value = 0.004), underwent induction of labour (aAdjOR 3.03; p-value = 0.001), had a long duration of labour (aAdjOR 1.10; p-value = 0.011), did not receive pain killers (aAdjOR: 2.18–3.63; p-values = 0.010–0.020), or had an episiotomy or tear (aAdjOR 5.98; p-value < 0.001) were more likely to experience one or more types of mistreatment. With every one-hour increase in the duration of labor, women were 1.099 times more likely to experience a failure to meet the professional standard of care. Women were less likely to experience mistreatment with increasing age. Women with increasing age (aAdjOR: 0.91–0.92; p-values = 0.003–0.014) and parity (aAdjOR 0.72; p-value = 0.010) were less likely to experience mistreatment. Awareness of women’s fundamental rights during childbirth, making the childbirth process as normal as possible, and improving the childbirth facilities’ conditions, policies, practices and working environment may decrease mistreatment occurrence.

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“…As a result, the concept of obstetric violence (OV) has become more visible. However, no clear and consensual international definition of OV exists, and validated instruments for detecting it are scarce [ 3 ]. A variety of behaviors that are considered OV can be found in the literature, which can be physical, verbal, or psycho-affective [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstetric Violence from a Midwife Perspective

Martínez‐Galiano

Rodríguez‐Almagro

Rubio-Álvarez

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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This study examines and determines the prevalence of obstetric violence (OV) as perceived by midwives, as well as their knowledge of it and the professional factors that could be associated with the perception of OV. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 325 midwives in 2021 in Spain. Almost all (92.6%, 301) the midwives knew the term OV, but 74.8% (214) did not believe OV to be the same as malpractice. Moreover, 56.9% (185) stated they had rarely observed OV, and 26.5% (86) regularly observed OV. Most midwives consider physical aggression to be OV, in comparison, not providing information to women was only considered unacceptable treatment. The clinical practice considered the most grave within the context of OV was an instrumental birth or cesarean section without clinical justification. In addition, 97.5% (317) believed that raising awareness on the subject is one of the fundamental points to reducing this problem. Certain factors, such as less work experience, female gender, attendance at home births, and previous training in OV, were associated with an increased perception of situations as OV (p < 0.005). A high percentage of midwives perceived specific clinical practices (e.g., indicate cesarean section without clinical justification or perform the Kristeller maneuver) as OV, and certain characteristics of the professional profile, such as the professional experience or the sex of the midwife, were associated with an increased perception of OV. Most midwives knew the term OV but did not consider that it could pertain to some behaviors included in the international definitions of OV, such as the lack of information provided to a woman or the non-identification of the midwife, among others.

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Development and validation of a new questionnaire to measure mistreatment of women during childbirth, satisfaction of care, and perceived quality of care

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Adolescents’ experience of mistreatment and abuse during childbirth: a cross-sectional community survey in a low-income informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

Adolescents’ experience of mistreatment and abuse during childbirth: a cross-sectional community survey in a low-income informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth and Associated Factors in Northern West Bank, Palestine

Obstetric Violence from a Midwife Perspective

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