Development and Validation of a 49-Item Sports Nutrition Knowledge Instrument (49-SNKI) for Adult Athletes

Abstract

The purpose of this project was to develop and validate an instrument to assess the sports nutrition knowledge of adult athletes. An evidence-based, mixed-methods process was employed to establish face/content validity (expert review), construct validity, (Independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test), internal consistency (Cronbach α), and test-retest reliability (Pearson ρ). Results confirmed content and construct validity (mean total score for registered dietitian nutritionists compared with the athletes 38.5 ± 5.3 vs 15.9 ± 9.2; P < .001), internal consistency (0.843), and reliability (r = 0.951; P < .001). The 49-item Sports Nutrition Knowledge Instrument (49-SNKI) can be a valid and reliable instrument used to measure sports nutrition knowledge of adult athletes.

Assessment of Sport Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Practices, and Sources of Nutrition Information in NCAA Division III Collegiate Athletes

“…The dietary habits and sport nutrition knowledge survey that participants completed was 85 questions in length. The sport nutrition knowledge component consisted of a validated, 49-item questionnaire [ 26 ], broken into six sections (carbohydrate (11 questions), protein (9 questions), fat (7 questions), hydration (7 questions), micronutrients (7 questions), and weight management (8 questions)), all of which were explicitly related to sport nutrition. In addition to this assessment, the athletes also completed an additional 36 questions pertaining to demographic information (11 questions), dietary habits (18 questions), and sources of nutrition information (7 questions).…”

“…The 49-item sport nutrition knowledge instrument used in this study was developed by Karpinksi et al [ 26 ]. This instrument (Cronbach α 0.843; test-retest r = 0.951, p < 0.001) was validated in adult athletes, a majority (61.9%) of whom were collegiate athletes spanning NCAA DI, II, and III schools.…”

The Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of Sports Nutrition Questionnaire: a reliable and valid electronic sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for athletes

“…Therefore, the validity and reliability of PEAKS-NQ should be re-established prior to deployment within other countries. An additional strength is the use of a combination of CTT and item response theory techniques to assess reliability and validity that have not otherwise been utilised in the majority of recently developed questionnaires (43)(44)(45)(46) . The PEAKS-NQ also uniquely utilises pictures and food photography to help improve comprehension and understanding of the questions (47,48) and provides a visually appealing platform.…”

Validation of a General and Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire in Italian Early Adolescents

“…In the recent years, sports NK has also been investigated through specific questionnaires [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Sports nutrition can be defined as the application of NK to a nutritional plan focused on meeting the nutritional requirements for physical activity, optimizing the refueling process after physical exercise, and improving athletic performance in training and competitions, as well as promoting general health and well-being [ 21 ].…”

“…Regarding tools focused on sports NK, questionnaires have been validated in different populations, including both athletes and coaches [ 15 , 25 ]. Recently, some new sports NK questionnaires for adult athletes have been developed, targeting track and field [ 16 ], ultra-endurance running [ 15 , 20 ], or other sports [ 17 , 18 , 34 ]. Most of the questionnaires were validated in adults [ 16 , 17 , 34 ], and just a few in adolescents [ 15 , 35 ].…”