Development and validation of a multi-zone combustion model for performance and nitric oxide formation in syngas fueled spark ignition engine

Rakopoulos, C.D.; Michos, Constantine N.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.02.011

Cited by 86 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The methodology followed is the same as the one presented in detail in [35]. The most usual set of constants for the reaction rates of the three chemical equations considered is also used in the present study, which is the one reported in Ref.…”

Section: No Formation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined experimental and numerical study of thermal processes, performance and nitric oxide emissions in a hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engine

Rakopoulos

Kosmadakis

Demuynck

et al. 2011

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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A COMBINED EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF THERMAL PROCESSES, PERFORMANCE AND NITRIC OXIDE EMISSIONS IN A HYDROGEN-FUELED SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE ABSTRACTThis work concerns the study of a spark-ignition engine fueled with hydrogen, using both measured and numerical data at various conditions, focusing on the combustion efficiency, the heat transfer phenomena and heat loss to the cylinder walls, the performance, as well as the nitric oxide (NO) emissions formed, when the fuel/air and compression ratio are varied. For the investigation of the heat transfer mechanism, the local wall temperatures and heat flux rates were measured at three locations of the cylinder liner in a CFR engine. These fluxes can provide a reliable estimation of the total heat loss through the cylinder walls and of the hydrogen flame arrival at specific locations. Together with the experimental analysis, the numerical results obtained from a validated in-house CFD code were utilized for gaining a more complete view of the heat transfer mechanism and the hydrogen combustion efficiency for the various cases examined. The performance of the CFR engine is then identified, since the calculated cylinder pressures are compared with the measured ones, from which performance and heat release rates are calculated and discussed. Further, NO emission studies have been accomplished, with the calculated results not only being compared with the measured exhaust NO ones, but also further processed for conducting an in-depth investigation of the dependence of NO production on the spatial distribution of in-cylinder gas temperature. It is revealed that for lower fuel/air ratio the burned gas temperature is held at low level and the heat loss ratio is quite low. As the load increases and stoichiometric mixtures are used, the wall and in-cylinder gas temperatures increase substantially, together with the heat loss and the NO emissions, owing to the high hydrogen combustion velocity and the consequent high rate of temperature rise. The combustion efficiency is slightly increased, but the indicated efficiency is decreased due to higher heat loss.Keywords: hydrogen; spark-ignition engine; combustion efficiency; heat transfer; NO emissions.

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Section: No Formation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined experimental and numerical study of thermal processes, performance and nitric oxide emissions in a hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engine

Rakopoulos

Kosmadakis

Demuynck

et al. 2011

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Further similar studies [9][10][11] have also been undertaken looking at CNG and related engine development. The recent works by Rakopoulos, and Michos [12] and Baratta et al [13] on development of a multi-zone combustion models and simulation code for SI Engines give a detailed analysis required for developing mathematical models and simulation tools. In addition, M.Y.Sulaiman et al [14] analyzed the characteristic of signal cylinder SI ICE fuelled by LPG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-fuel SI Engine Model for Analysis and Optimization

Rezapour¹,

Mason²,

Wood³

et al. 2014

ujme

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The natural gas as an alternative fuel has economical and environmental benefits. Bi-fuel engines powered by gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) are an intermediate and alternative step to dedicated CNG engines. The conversion to bi-fuel CNG engine could be a short-term solution to air pollution problem in many developing countries. In this paper a mathematical model of a bi-fuel four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engine is presented for comparative studies and analysis. It is based on the two-zone combustion model, and it has the ability to simulate turbulent combustion. The model is capable of predicting the cylinder temperature and pressure, heat transfer, brake work , brake thermal and volumetric efficiency, brake torque, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), concentration of CO 2 , brake specific CO (BSCO) and brake specific NOx (BSNOx). The effect of engine speed, equivalence ratio and performance parameters using gasoline and CNG fuels are analysed. The model has been validated by experimental data using the results obtained from a bi-fuel engine. The results show the capability of the model in terms of engine performance optimization and minimization of the emissions. The engine used in this study is a typical example of a modified bi-fuel engine conversion, which could benefit the researchers in the field.

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“…The methodology followed is the same as the one presented in detail in [55]. The most usual set of constants for the reaction rates of the three chemical equations considered is also used in the present study, which is the one reported in Ref.…”

Section: No Formation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most usual set of constants for the reaction rates of the three chemical equations considered is also used in the present study, which is the one reported in Ref. [55].…”

Section: No Formation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modeling and experimental study of combustion and nitric oxide emissions in hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engine operating in a very wide range of EGR rates

Kosmadakis

Rakopoulos

Demuynck

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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CFD modeling and experimental study of combustion and nitric oxide emissions in hydrogenfueled spark-ignition engine operating in a very wide range of EGR rates To refer to or to cite this work, please use the citation to the published version:Kosmadakis, G.D., Rakopoulos, C.D., Demuynck, J., De Paepe, M. & Verhelst, S. (2012). CFD modeling and experimental study of combustion and nitric oxide emissions in hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engine operating in a very wide range of EGR rates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, 37(14) ABSTRACTIn the current work, the variation of EGR rates is investigated in a hydrogen-fueled, sparkignition engine. This technique is followed in order to control the engine load and decrease the exhaust nitrogen oxides emissions. The external EGR is varied in the very wide range of 12% up to 47% (by mass), where in each test case the in-cylinder mixture is stoichiometric, diluted with the appropriate EGR rate. The operation of this engine is explored using measured data with the aid of a validated CFD code. Moreover, a new residual gas term existing in the expression of the hydrogen laminar flame speed, which has been derived from a one-dimensional chemical kinetics code, is tested in a real application for appraising its capabilities. The investigation conducted provides insight on the performance and indicated efficiency of the engine, the combustion processes, and the emissions of nitrogen oxides. More precisely, an experimental study has been deployed with the aim to identify the characteristics of such a technique, using very high EGR rates, focusing on the combustion phenomena. At the same time, the CFD results are compared with the corresponding measured ones, in order to evaluate the CFD code under such non-conventional operating conditions and to test a recent expression for the residual gas term included in the hydrogen laminar flame speed expression. It is revealed that the combustion takes place in few degrees of crank angle, especially at high engine loads (low EGR rates), whereas the exhaust nitrogen oxides emissions are significantly decreased in comparison to the use of lean mixtures for controlling the engine load. Additionally, the recent expression of the residual gas term, which has been tested and incorporated in the CFD code, seems to be adequate for the calculation of combustion phenomena in highly diluted, with EGR, hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engines, as for every EGR rate tested (even for the higher ones) the computational results are compared in good terms with the measured data.

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Development and validation of a multi-zone combustion model for performance and nitric oxide formation in syngas fueled spark ignition engine

Cited by 86 publications

References 38 publications

A combined experimental and numerical study of thermal processes, performance and nitric oxide emissions in a hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engine

A combined experimental and numerical study of thermal processes, performance and nitric oxide emissions in a hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engine

Bi-fuel SI Engine Model for Analysis and Optimization

CFD modeling and experimental study of combustion and nitric oxide emissions in hydrogen-fueled spark-ignition engine operating in a very wide range of EGR rates

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