Development and validation of a vision and night driving questionnaire

Kimlin, Janessa A.; Black, Alex A.; Djaja, Ngadiman; Wood, Joanne M.

doi:10.1111/opo.12307

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The self‐reported visual difficulties of older drivers with respect to nighttime driving are well‐documented, as indicated in the previous section, and highlight the visual disability from oncoming headlight glare and problems reading road signs and lane marking at night as particular issues . Indeed, some older drivers report that they find nighttime driving so challenging that they restrict their driving at night, or cease it altogether .…”

Section: Vision and Night‐time Drivingmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…About one in three older adults report vision‐related night driving difficulties, with 20–50% restricting or ceasing night driving . The most common visual problems reported by older drivers at nighttime include glare from oncoming headlights, haloes and starbursts and difficulty seeing lane markings . Many of these nighttime driving difficulties are likely to result from age‐related changes in the visual system.…”

Section: Visual Performance Under Low Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nighttime driving: visual, lighting and visibility challenges

Wood

2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Nighttime driving is dangerous and is one of the most challenging driving situations for most drivers. Fatality rates are higher at night than in the day when adjusted for distances travelled, particularly for crashes involving pedestrians and cyclists. Although there are multiple contributory factors, the low light levels at night are believed to be the major cause of collisions with pedestrians and cyclists at night, most likely due to their reduced visibility. Understanding the visibility problems involved in nighttime driving is thus critical, given the increased risk to road safety. Recent Findings This review discusses research that highlights key differences in the nighttime road environment compared to the day and how this affects visual function and driving performance, together with an overview of studies investigating how driver age and visual status affect nighttime driving performance. Research that has focused on the visibility of vulnerable road users at nighttime (pedestrians and cyclists) is also included. Summary Collectively, the research evidence suggests that visual function is reduced under the mesopic lighting conditions of night driving and that these effects are exacerbated by increasing age and visual impairment. Light and glare from road lighting and headlights have significant impacts on vision and night driving and these effects are likely to change with evolving technologies, such as LED streetlighting and headlights. Research also highlights the importance of the visibility of vulnerable road users at night and the role of retroreflective clothing in the ‘biomotion’ configuration for improving their conspicuity and hence safety.

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Section: Vision and Night‐time Drivingmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Visual Performance Under Low Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime driving: visual, lighting and visibility challenges

Wood

2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…At night, 60% ( n = 6) reported excellent to good vision, and 40% ( n = 4) reported fair vision when driving. The mean Rasch‐scaled VND‐Q score was 3.1 ± 0.7 out of possible 10, indicating relatively low levels of vision‐related night driving difficulties …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A custom‐designed questionnaire was self‐administered to characterise the driving habits of participants and ratings of vision with habitual optical correction while driving during the day and at night. The Vision and Night Driving Questionnaire (VND‐Q) was used to assess participants’ vision‐related night driving difficulties with their habitual optical correction . The VND‐Q contains nine items scored on a 5‐point scale (1 = ‘No difficulty’ to 5 = ‘Extreme difficulty’) across a range of common night driving situations, such as seeing the road in the rain or poor weather, or seeing pedestrians or animals on the roadside.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Vision and Night Driving Questionnaire (VND-Q) was used to assess participants' visionrelated night driving difficulties with their habitual optical correction. 18 The VND-Q contains nine items scored on a 5-point scale (1 = 'No difficulty' to 5 = 'Extreme difficulty') across a range of common night driving situations, such as seeing the road in the rain or poor weather, or seeing pedestrians or animals on the roadside. Scores were converted to Rasch-scaled, interval-level scores (from 0 to 10), where higher scores represent more difficulties.…”

Section: Driving Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of uncorrected astigmatism on night driving performance

Black

Wood

Colorado

et al. 2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose To investigate the effect of uncorrected astigmatism on night driving performance on a closed‐road circuit. Methods Participants included 10 drivers (mean age 24.4 ± 7.0 years), with low to moderate bilateral astigmatism (0.75–1.50 DC), who were regular contact lens (CL) wearers. Vision and night driving performance were assessed in a cross‐over design with a toric CL and a best‐sphere spherical CL. Binocular visual function measures included photopic and mesopic visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), mesopic motion sensitivity and glare tests (Mesotest® II and Halometer). Night‐time driving performance was assessed on a closed‐road circuit, which included measures of sign recognition, hazard detection and avoidance, pedestrian recognition distances, lane keeping, speed and overall driving score. Results Correction of astigmatism with toric CL significantly improved mesopic VA, photopic and mesopic CS, mesopic motion sensitivity, and reduced glare (p < 0.05), compared to the spherical CL; there were no significant effects of visual correction type on photopic VA. Correction of astigmatism using toric CL resulted in significant improvements in night driving performance, compared to driving with spherical CL, particularly for sign recognition, avoidance of low contrast hazards, increased pedestrian recognition distances and overall driving score (p < 0.05). Conclusions Correction of low to moderate levels of astigmatism had significant positive effects on night‐time driving performance and related tests of visual performance. This has important implications for optical corrections to improve night road safety of drivers with astigmatism.

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Disability glare and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana

Boadi-Kusi

Austin²,

Abu

et al. 2021

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objective Glare caused by the headlights of on‐coming vehicles risk safe driving at night. The study aimed to determine the relationship between glare exposure and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana. Methods This cross‐sectional study involved commercial drivers with complaints of nighttime driving difficulties (N = 80; mean age = 41.5 ± 11.1 years). A questionnaire was used to investigate nighttime driving performance following glare exposure. We measured contrast sensitivity and visual acuity under photopic conditions. With an experimental setup in a mesopic setting, we measured visual acuity with and without glare exposure. The difference between the two mesopic visual acuities was quantified as disability glare index. With the same setup, photostress recovery time was also measured. Regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between nighttime driving performance score and the measures taken in both photopic and mesopic settings. Results The average nighttime driving performance score was 47.8 ± 17.5. Driving performance was negatively correlated with all variables ( R = –0.87 to –0.30, all p < .01), except contrast sensitivity ( R = 0.74, p < .01). A multiple linear regression showed that the model with all variables explained 83.8% of the variance, but only disability glare index was a significant predictor of nighttime driving performance following glare exposure (standardized B = –0.61, p < .01). Conclusion Our results show that the change in mesopic visual acuities following glare can predict nighttime driving performance. This measure can be incorporated into the assessment of driving fitness by licensing departments to evaluate whether a person can drive safely at night amidst glare exposure.

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Development and validation of a vision and night driving questionnaire

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

Nighttime driving: visual, lighting and visibility challenges

Nighttime driving: visual, lighting and visibility challenges

The impact of uncorrected astigmatism on night driving performance

Disability glare and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana

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