Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of paracetamol, ibuprofen, olanzapine, and simvastatin during microalgae bioremediation

Abstract

A rapid reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of paracetamol, ibuprofen, olanzapine, simvastatin and simvastatin acid in the context of microalgae bioremediation. The method was validated according to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), and Eurachem with respect to system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, limits of detection and quantification, ruggedness, selectivity and specificity. The estimated limits of detection and quantification were, respectively, 0.03 and 0.10 µg mL −1 for paracetamol, 0.03 and 0.09 µg mL −1 for ibuprofen, 0.04 and 0.13 µg mL −1 for olanzapine, 0.27 and 0.83 µg mL −1 for simvastantin, and 0.05 and 0.14 µg mL −1 for simvastantin acid. The inter-day and intra-day precision results were within the acceptance limit of relative standard deviation (%RSD) of less than 2, and the percentage recovery was found to be within the required limits of 80–110%. The developed method is rapid, linear, precise, robust and accurate, and has been successfully applied to the determination of the above common pharmaceutical products during microalgae bioremediation.

A review of various analytical methods for the estimation of olanzapine: An antipsychotic drug

“…Simultaneous determinations of OLZ with other drugs were also performed using spectrophotometric methods. The literature review is presented in Table 3 (Encarnação et al, 2020; Ghetiya & Maheshwari, 2017; Gracia et al, 2017; Patel & Patel, 2009; Shahina et al, 2015; Sharma et al, 2010; Tantawy et al, 2013; Vitorino et al, 2013).…”

Progress in microalgal mediated bioremediation systems for the removal of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals from wastewater

“…The development of an efficient analytical procedure is also important. Encarnação et al, (2020a) developed a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous quantification of various pharmaceuticals during microalgae bioremediation and the method was able to detect paracetamol between 0.03-0.10 µg/mL , ibuprofen (0.03-0.09 µg/mL), olanazapine (0.04-0.13 µg/mL), simavastantin (0.27-0.83 µg/mL), and simavastantin acid (0.05-0.14 µg/mL).…”

Synthesis of Isotopic Labelled Paracetamol Benzoate‐d3 and Its Application in the Determination of Paracetamol

“…Liquid chromatographic methods are frequently used to separate and detect PCT. [8] Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems have superiority to liquid chroma-tography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) systems due to its high resolution and peak capacity. [9] On the other hand, one of the main problem in GC systems is the need for a derivatization process during pharmaceutical analyses.…”

“…Liquid chromatographic methods are frequently used to separate and detect PCT [8] . Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) systems have superiority to liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) systems due to its high resolution and peak capacity [9] .…”